Table 1.
List of dinoflagellate species/strains used in this study and their characteristics regarding production of STX and amplification of sxtA1, sxtA4, and sxtGa
| Order and species | Strain | Production of STX (reference or source) | Amplification of: |
sxtG intron length (bp) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sxtA1 and sxtA4 (reference[s] or source) | sxtG (this study) | ||||
| Gonyaulacales | |||||
| A. affine | CCMP112 | ND (5) | ND (18) | + | 260 |
| A. andersoni | CCMP2222 | ND (5) | ND (18) | + | |
| A. insuetum | CCMP2082 | ND (5) | ND (this study) | + | No intron |
| A. minutum | CCMP113 | + (5) | + (18) | + | 740 |
| A. minutum | CS320/01 | + (5) | + (18) | + | 740 |
| A. minutum | CS324/16 | + (5) | + (18) | + | 750 |
| A. tamarense complex | |||||
| A. fundyense (group 1) | CCMP1719 | + (5) | + (18) | + | No intron |
| A. tamarense (group 3) | CCMP1771 | ND (5) | + (18) | + | No intron |
| A. catenella (group 4) | CCMP1493 | + (5) | + (18) | + | 487 |
| A. catenella (group 4) | ACCC01 | + (24) | + (18) | + | 507 |
| A. tamarense (group 5) | ATEB01 | + (23) | + (18, 23) | + | 407 |
| Ceratium longipes | CCMP1770 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Coolia monotis | CAWD98 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Gambierdiscus australes | CAWD149 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Lingulodinium polyedrum | CCMP1931 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Protoceratium reticulatum | CAWD99 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Pyrocystis noctiluca | CCMP732 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Thecadinium kofoidii | SCCAP K-1504 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Gymnodiniales | |||||
| Amphidinium carteri | UIO081 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Amphidinium massartii | CS-259 | ND (18) | ND | ||
| Amphidinium mootonorum | CAWD161 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Gymnodinium aureolum | SCCAP K-1561 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Gymnodinium catenatum | CCMP1937 | + (52) | + (18) | + | |
| Karlodinium veneficum | RCC2539 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Lepidodinium chlorophorum | RCC2537 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Peridiniales | |||||
| Adenoides eludens | CCMP1891 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Azadinium spinosum | RCC2538 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Heterocapsa triquetra | RCC2540 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Pentapharsodinium dalei | SCCAP K-1100 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Scrippsiella trochoideae | BS-46 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Prorocentrales | |||||
| Prorocentrum lima | CS-869 | ND (18) | ND | ||
| Prorocentrum micans | UIO292 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Prorocentrum minimum | UIO085 | ND (50) | ND | ||
| Suessiales | |||||
| Polarella glacialis | CCMP2088 | ND (50) | ND | ||
a
ND, not detected; +, amplified sequence. The group-naming system of Lilly et al. (2007) is used for A. tamarense complex strains (40).