Figure 2. HIF regulation of EMT.
Shown is a simplified overview of EMT-triggering signaling pathways and their effectors, which are modulated by HIF. CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; CXCR4, chemokine receptor 4; LOX, lysyl oxidase; LOXL, lysyl oxidase-like; PAI1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; TIMP-1, tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; Rtyr kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases; SDF1, stromal cell–derived factor 1; SNAI1, snail homolog 1; TCF3, transcription factor 3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer-binding factors E12/E47); ZEB, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox.