Table 1.
Participant Demographics and Smoking Histories
| ETT | HTT | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| total | ETT | HTT | CM | CMS | CM | CMS | |
| N=146 | N=50 | N=96 | N=25 | N=25 | N=48 | N=48 | |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (yrs) 1 | 39.2 (11.7) | 36.0 (12.2) * | 40.9 (11.2) | 39.7 (12.9)* | 32.4 (10.5) | 38.7 (10.9) | 43.1 (11.1) |
| Caucasian2,3 | 99 (68%) | 32 (64%) | 67 (70%) | 15 (60%)* | 17 (68%) | 35 (73%) | 32 (67%) |
| Hispanic | 23 (16%) | 9 (18%) | 14 (15%) | 2 (8%) | 8 (32%) | 8 (16%) | 14 (29%) |
| Other | 24 (17%) | 9 (18%) | 15 (15%) | 8 (32%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (8%) | 4 (8%) |
| Female2 | 63 (43%) | 20 (40%) | 43 (45%) | 13 (52%) | 7 (28%) | 22 (46%) | 21 (44%) |
| Married | 60 (41%) | 18 (36%) | 42 (44%) | 11 (44%) | 7(28%) | 16 (33%) | 26 (54%) |
| Employed Full Time | 92 (63%) | 29 (58%) | 63 (66%) | 18 (72%) | 11 (44%) | 34 (71%) | 29 (60%) |
| Annual income | |||||||
| <15,0002,4 | 37 (26%) | 16 (32%) | 21 (22%) | 6 (24%) | 10 (40%) | 10 (21%) | 11 (23%) |
| 15,000–25,000 | 44 (30%) | 14 (28%) | 30 (32%) | 6 (24%) | 8 (32%) | 15 (31%) | 15 (32%) |
| 25,001–35,000 | 32 (22%) | 11 (22%) | 21 (22%) | 6 (24%) | 5 (20%) | 10 (21%) | 11 (23%) |
| >35,000 | 32 (22%) | 9 (18%) | 23 (24%) | 7 (28%) | 2 (8%) | 13 (27%) | 10 (21%) |
| Education | |||||||
| HS/GED2,5 | 50 (34%) | 17 (34%) | 33 (34%) | 9 (36%) | 8 (32%) | 15 (31%) | 18 (38%) |
| BA+ | 38 (26%) | 14 (28%) | 24 (25%) | 5 (20%) | 9 (36%) | 14 (29%) | 10 (21%) |
| VoTech/AA/Other | 58 (40%) | 19 (38%) | 39 (41%) | 11 (44%) | 8 (32%) | 19 (40%) | 20 (42%) |
| Smoking History | |||||||
| Cigarettes per day1 | 23.9 (8.4) | 22.3 (6.2) | 24.7 (9.3) | 23.8 (7.7) | 20.7(3.8) | 23.1 (5.8) | 26.4 (11.7) |
| intake Breath CO (ppm) | 24.1 (8.1) | 22.3 (6.8) * | 25.0 (8.5) | 22.7(6.5) | 21.9 (7.3) | 24.6 (7.3) | 25.4 (9.6) |
| Fagerstrøm Score (FTND) | 5.7 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.3) * | 6.0 (2.0) | 5.5 (2.5) | 4.9 (2.1) | 5.9 (1.9) | 6.2 (2.0) |
| Contemplation ladder (CL) score6 | 8.6 (1.9) | 8.9 (1.8) | 8.5 (1.9) | 8.9 (1.7) | 8.8 (1.8) | 8.5 (1.7) | 8.4 (2.1) |
| Confidence Questionnaire (CQ) score6 | 48.1 (18.0) | 54.0 (18.4) * | 45.1 (17.1) | 57.9 (19.5) | 50.2 (16.8) | 45.2 (18.1) | 44.9 (16.3) |
| age first smoked | 14.4 (3.2) | 14.9 (2.3) | 14.2 (3.5) | 14.6 (2.6) | 15.2 (2.1) | 14.5 (3.6) | 14.0 (3.5) |
| age smoked regularly | 17.1 (3.3) | 17.4 (2.8) | 16.9 (3.6) | 17.6 (3.5) | 17.2 (1.9) | 17.5 (4.0) | 16.3 (3.0) |
| live with smoker2 | 59 (40%) | 19 (38%) | 40 (42%) | 9 (36%) | 10 (40%) | 22 (46%) | 18 (38%) |
| smoking allowed7 | 54/141 (38%) | 11/48 (23%)* | 43/93 (46%) | 6/24 (25%) | 5/24 (21%) | 21/45 (47%) | 22/48 (46%) |
| times tried quit8 | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 5 (3–10) * | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–6) |
| longest without | 90 (7–270) | 90 (7–180) | 90 (7–330) | 90 (7–300) | 60 (7–97.5) | 105 (3–365) | 90 (14–330) |
| days without last year | 2 (0–14) | 6 (0–30) * | 0.5 (0–14) | 10 (0–30) | 3.3 (0.8–27.5) | 0.5 (0–8.5) | 0.5 (0–14) |
| plans to use cessation medication2 | 53 (36%) | 36 (38%) | 17 (34%) | 9 (36%) | 8 (32%) | 18 (38%) | 18 (38%) |
1
mean (standard deviation)
2
N (Percent of sample)
3
self-reported race/ethnicity
4
income data from one participant was not collected
5
HS= High School, GED=Graduate Equivalency Degreee, BA+=bachelors degree or higher, VoTech=completed trade school, AA=Associates Degree
6
data missing for 4 subjects
7
number for whom smoking was allowed at work/number responding (percent)
8
median (inter-quartile range)
*
P<0.05; Means compared using Welch test. Medians compared using median test. 2x2 tables examined using Fishers Exact test, and larger tables using chi squared test.
ETT=Easier to Treat; HTT=Harder to Treat; CM=Contingency Management without Shaping; CMS=Contingency Management with Shaping