Table 1.
Patient demographics according to 30-day outcome and vancomycin AUC/MIC (n = 182)a
| Characteristic | Value for groupb |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-day outcome |
Vancomycin AUC/MIC |
|||||
| Survivors (n = 144) | Nonsurvivors (n = 38) | P value | <400 (n = 83) | ≥400 (n = 99) | P value | |
| Age ≥ 70 yr | 48 (33.3) | 22 (57.9) | 0.008 | 25 (30.1) | 45 (45.5) | 0.046 |
| Male sex | 105 (72.9) | 23 (60.5) | 0.163 | 62 (74.7) | 66 (66.7) | 0.258 |
| White ethnicity | 123 (85.4) | 30 (79.0) | 0.328 | 68 (81.9) | 85 (85.9) | 0.544 |
| Hospital onset | 71 (49.3) | 21 (55.3) | 0.586 | 46 (55.4) | 46 (46.5) | 0.238 |
| MRSA | 109 (75.7) | 32 (84.2) | 0.382 | 64 (77.1) | 77 (77.8) | 1.000 |
| Device associatedc | 72/135 (53.3) | 17/36 (47.2) | 0.575 | 42/76 (55.3) | 47/95 (49.5) | 0.538 |
| Line associatedd | 43/134 (32.1) | 14/36 (38.9) | 0.435 | 29/75 (38.7) | 28/95 (29.5) | 0.253 |
| Infection syndrome | ||||||
| Skin and soft tissue | 18 (12.5) | 2 (5.3) | 0.256 | 8 (9.6) | 12 (12.1) | 0.641 |
| Infective endocarditis | 7 (4.7) | 1 (2.6) | 1.000 | 3 (3.6) | 5 (5.1) | 0.729 |
| Pneumonia | 9 (6.3) | 5 (13.2) | 0.174 | 6 (7.2) | 8 (8.1) | 1.000 |
| Osteoarticular | 11 (7.6) | 3 (7.9) | 1.000 | 9 (10.8) | 5 (5.1) | 0.170 |
| Sepsis syndrome | 14 (9.7) | 9 (23.7) | 0.029 | 12 (14.5) | 11 (11.1) | 0.511 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Heart disease | 54 (37.5) | 18 (47.4) | 0.271 | 29 (34.9) | 43 (43.4) | 0.287 |
| Diabetes | 45 (31.3) | 13 (34.2) | 0.845 | 19 (22.9) | 39 (39.4) | 0.025 |
| Dialysis | 27 (18.8) | 6 (15.8) | 0.815 | 8 (9.6) | 25 (25.3) | 0.007 |
| Malignancy | 28 (19.4) | 15 (39.5) | 0.017 | 24 (28.9) | 19 (19.2) | 0.161 |
| Transplant | 11 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.124 | 5 (6.0) | 6 (6.1) | 1.000 |
| Immunosuppression | 25 (17.4) | 1 (2.6) | 0.019 | 11 (13.3) | 15 (15.2) | 0.832 |
| Liver disease | 17 (11.8) | 5 (13.2) | 0.784 | 11 (13.3) | 11 (11.1) | 0.820 |
| Dementia | 8 (5.6) | 2 (5.3) | 1.000 | 3 (3.6) | 7 (7.1) | 0.350 |
| Active IDU | 8 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.208 | 6 (7.2) | 2 (2.0) | 0.144 |
| Severity-of-illness markers | ||||||
| APACHE II score ≥ 18 | 46 (31.9) | 20 (52.6) | 0.023 | 26 (31.3) | 40 (40.4) | 0.219 |
| SAPS II > 45 | 5 (3.5) | 5 (13.2) | 0.035 | 4 (4.8) | 6 (6.1) | 0.757 |
| CWI ≥ 3 | 40 (27.8) | 15 (39.5) | 0.170 | 20 (24.1) | 35 (35.4) | 0.108 |
| Pitt bacteremia score ≥ 4 | 24 (16.7) | 17 (44.7) | 0.001 | 22 (26.5) | 29 (19.2) | 0.286 |
| ICU admissionc | 37/141 (26.2) | 14/38 (36.8) | 0.226 | 26/82 (31.7) | 25/97 (25.8) | 0.409 |
| Acute renal failuree | 33/143 (23.1) | 11 (29.0) | 0.524 | 18/83 (21.7) | 26/98 (26.5) | 0.490 |
| Elevated vancomycin MICf | 54 (37.5) | 21 (55.3) | 0.063 | 37 (44.6) | 38 (38.4) | 0.451 |
| Vancomycin AUC/MIC ≥ 400 | 82 (56.9) | 17 (44.7) | 0.203 | |||
| DNR order | 19/121 (15.7) | 28 (73.7) | <0.001 | 20/74 (27.0) | 27/85 (31.8) | 0.602 |
| 30-day mortality | 21 (25.3) | 17 (17.2) | 0.203 | |||
| Persistent SABc | 15/117 (12.8) | 7/29 (24.1) | 0.149 | 11/66 (16.7) | 11/80 (13.8) | 0.649 |
| Recurrence of SABc | 19/142 (13.4) | 3/36 (8.3) | 0.574 | 9/82 (11.0) | 13/96 (13.5) | 0.654 |
| Duration of SAB, median days (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1.5 (1–5) | 0.039 | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.857 |
Data exclude 1 patient for whom the 30-day outcome was unable to be confirmed and 3 pediatric patients of <12 years. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the concentration-time curve; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; IDR, injecting drug use; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; CWI, Charlson weighted index of comorbidity; DNR, do not resuscitate; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
Data are expressed as n (%) except as otherwise indicated.
Information not available for all patients.
Device-associated infection involving peripheral or central intravenous catheters only.
Defined using assigned category for APACHE II calculation (25).
Elevated vancomycin MIC defined as an Etest value of >1.5 mg/liter.