Table 3.

Characteristics and trends in antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at University Hospital Tübingen (January 2002 to December 2011)

Antimicrobial resistance phenotype	Resistance (%)a	Gradient (95% CI)b	Trend	P value	ARIMAc	BICd	MSEe
Gentamicin	13.95 (11.25–20.2)	0.18 (−0.45 to 0.08)	Stable	0.17	1,0,0	287.79	59.35
Tobramycin	5.05 (3.45–6.65)	0.15 (0.08 to 0.23)	Increasing	<0.001	1+4,0,0	191.93	4.95
Piperacillin	9.4 (6.85–17.85)	0.09 (−0.16 to 0.34)	Stable	0.49	1,0,0	283.17	52.96
Piperacillin-tazobactam	7.2 (4.35–14.2)	0.09 (−0.13 to 0.32)	Stable	0.41	1,0,0	274.11	42.25
Levofloxacin	25.35 (19.6–31.25)	0.44 (0.29 to 0.58)	Increasing	<0.001	0,1,1	249.69	27.1
Ciprofloxacin	21.9 (17.6–24)	0.28 (0.15 to 0.42)	Increasing	<0.001	1,0,0	257.73	27.91
Meropenem	10.75 (8.15–14.4)	0.16 (0.06 to 0.25)	Increasing	0.001	1,0,0	223.32	11.81
Ceftazidime	11.7 (9.3–15.05)	0.18 (0.09 to 0.26)	Increasing	<0.001	1,0,0	217.66	10.25
Cefepime	9.9 (6.15–13.45)	0.25 (0.15 to 0.35)	Increasing	<0.001	1,0,0	232.43	14.86

^aResistance is shown as a percentage of resistant isolates per quarter. The median value is shown. The interquartile range is shown in parentheses.

^bThe gradient is shown as a percent change in resistance per quarter. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) is shown in parentheses.

^cARIMA, autoregressive integrated moving average.

^dBIC, Bayesian information criterion.

^eMSE, mean squared error.