Table 2.

Bacterial species associated with signs and symptoms of acute endodontic infections

Species	Signs and symptoms	Method	Study author(s) (reference)
Spirochetes	Pain, purulent exudate	Microscopy	Miller (119)
Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas endodontalis	Pain	Culture	Sundqvist (99)
Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp.	Pain	Culture	Griffee et al. (231)
Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas endodontalis	Pain	Culture	Sundqvist et al. (42)
Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis	Pain	Culture	Haapasalo et al. (100)
Finegoldia magna	Pain	Culture	Yoshida et al. (232)
Peptostreptococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Porphyromonas spp.	Pain	Culture	Hashioka et al. (233)
Parvimonas micra, Prevotella spp.	Pain, swelling	Culture	Gomes et al. (234)
Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella loescheii, Streptococcus constellatus	Purulent exudate	Culture	Gomes et al. (235)
Streptococcus spp.	Pain	PCR	Fouad et al. (150)
Streptococcus constellatus	Pain, swelling, purulent exudate	Checkerboard	Siqueira et al. (236)
Prevotella loescheii, Peptostreptococcus spp., Anaerococcus prevotii	Pain	Culture	Jacinto et al. (207)
Bifidobacterium spp., Actinomyces spp., Streptococcus constellatus	Tenderness to percussion	Culture	Jacinto et al. (207)
Fusobacterium nucleatum	Swelling	Culture	Jacinto et al. (207)
Parvimonas micra, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Eubacterium spp.	Pain	Culture	Gomes et al. (237)
Porphyromonas spp., Fusobacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp.	Tenderness to percussion, purulent exudate	Culture	Gomes et al. (237)
Porphyromonas spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp.	Swelling	Culture	Gomes et al. (237)
Treponema denticola	Pain	PCR	Foschi et al. (238)
Filifactor alocis	Pain, swelling, purulent exudate	PCR	Gomes et al. (78)
Tannerella forsythia	Tenderness to percussion, purulent exudate	PCR	Gomes et al. (78)
Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister pneumosintes, Prevotella clone E9_42, Prevotella baroniae, Eubacterium clone BP1-89, Lachnospiraceae clone MCE7_60	Pain, swelling, purulent exudate	PCR, cloning, and sequencing	Sakamoto et al. (83)
Tannerella forsythia	Pain	Checkerboard	Sassone et al. (188)
Porphyromonas gingivalis	Pain, swelling, purulent exudate	PCR	Siqueira et al. (113)
Selenomonas sputigena	Pain	Checkerboard	Rôças et al. (187)
Fusobacterium spp., Parvimonas spp., Atopobium spp., Dialister spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp.	Pain, swelling, purulent exudate	Pyrosequencing	Santos et al. (91)