Table 1.

Characteristics of screening instrument used to detect alcohol/drug use and related disorders in adolescence¹

Instrument	Cutoff	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	Alpha2	Number of Items	Reference3
CRAFFT	≥2	0.80	0.86	0.53	0.96	0.68	6	(Knight et al., 2002)
RAFFT	≥2	0.89	0.69	0.73	0.87	N/A	5	(Bastiaens et al., 2000)
CAGE4	≥1	0.67	0.82	0.59	0.86	0.74	4	(Chung et al., 2000; Knight et al., 2000)
TWEAK5	≥2	0.73	0.90	0.74	0.89	N/A	6	(Chung et al., 2000)
AUDIT6	≥4	0.94	0.80	0.64	0.97	N/A	10	(Chung et al., 2000)

Abbreviations: SUD Substance use disorder; PPV Positive predictive value; NPV Negative predictive value

¹Only screeners with adolescent sensitivity/specificity and PPV/NPV data were included in this table.

²Measures internal consistency of questionnaires/assessments

³References provided in this table correspond to the publication providing the data shown in the table (i.e. not to the original description of each instrument).

⁴Modified version of the adult CAGE. The cutoff score for the adult version is ≥2.

⁵Modified version of the adult TWEAK. Similar data in an adult sample is found in Chan et al. (Chan et al., 1993)

⁶Modified version of the adult AUDIT. The cutoff score for the adult version is ≥8.