Table 2A.
Association between hypertension and risk of CAD.
| Author, year | Study design | Number of patients | Age | Gender (M:F) | Treatment history | Definition of risk factor | Crude OR | Adjusted association | Adjusted model configuration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han Y, 2007 | Case-control | 726 (CAD 378; control 348) | Mean: 57.2 (10.5) Range: 29–89 CAD: mean: 57.7 (10.7) Control: 55.6 (10.4) |
492:234 CAD: 284:94 Control: 210:138 |
Being treated for hypertension | 5.11 (P = 0.002) | OR (95% CI): 2.47 (2.20–2.78) (P = 0.00) |
Logistic: age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking | |
| Cui, 2007 | Prospective cohort | 762 (CAD 423; control 339) | Mean: 60 (10) Range 17–81 |
481:281 CAD: 261:162 Control: 220:119 |
100%: lipid-lowering agents | According to Joint National Committee (JNC) VI guideline |
Women: 95% significant association with hypertension Men: No significant association with hypertension |
||
| Han Y, 2010 | Case-control | 622 (CAD 312; control 310) | Mean: 61.96 (10.71) CAD: 61.96 (10.71) Control: 60.54 (10.18) P = 0.09 |
209:103 CAD: 209:103 Control: 184:126 P = 0.056 |
NR | 1.94 (P < 0.01) | |||
| Ni M, 2007 | Case-control | 237 (CAD:138; control 99) | Mean: 54.18 (9.25) Range 35–70 CAD: 55.28 (9.03) Control: 52.65 (9.39) P = 0.031 |
163:74 CAD: 108:30 Control: 55:44 P < 0.01 |
Systolic and diastolic BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive treatment | 4.69 (P < 0.01) | |||
| Su G, 2011 | Prospective cohort | 344 (CAD: 252; non CAD: 92) | CAD: mean: 65 (9) Non CAD: 61 (9) |
CAD: 165:87 Non CAD: 48:44 |
Oral anti-hyperglycemic CAD: 45.7% Non-CAD: 44.0% Not significant Insulin CAD: 35.9% Non-CAD: 40.9% Not significant Statins CAD: 61.9% Non CAD: 69.4% Not significant |
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or treatment with oral anti-hypertension drugs | 1.52 (NS) | OR: 1.857 (95% CI: 0.969, 3.557, P = 0.062) | Logistic: smoking, male, older age, MAGE (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions), hs-CRP, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, renal insufficiency |
| Tang NP, 2008 | Case-control | 530 (CAD 265; control 265) | CAD: 64 (56–71) Control: 64 (55–71) NS |
CAD: 194:71 Non CAD: 194:71 NS |
Resting systolic blood pressure N140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure N90 mmHg or in the presence of active treatment with antihypertensive agents | 3.46 (P < 0.001) | |||
| Xu H, 2008 | Case-control | 384 (CAD 210; control 174) | CAD: 56 (7.3) Non CAD: 55 (8.6) | 201:183 CAD: 116:94 Control: 85:89 | NR | OR: 1.676 (95% CI: 1.165–2.788); P = 0.014 | Logistic: diabetes, hypertension, high LDL levels and genotype | ||
| Zhang K, 2010 | Case-control | 1127 (CAD: 519; control 608) | CAD: 61.285 (10.755) Control: 60.3777 (10.730) P = 0.16 |
CAD: 362:157 Control: 401:207 |
NR | Health control cohort had zero patients with hypertension. (OR can’t be calculated.) % of patients with hypertension: 63% in the CAD vs. 0% in the non CAD | |||
| Chen ZW, 2011 | Prospective cohort | 325 (CAD: 222; non-CAD: 103) | 63.4 (9.7) Diabetic: 66.2 (8.1) Non diabetic: 62.2 (10.2) P < 0.01 |
218:107 Diabetic 61:43 Non diabetic: 157:64 P = 0.027 |
Systolic pressure >> 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure > 90 mmHg or being treated with antihypertensive medication | Diabetic: OR: 1.846 (P = 0.389) Non diabetic: OR: 1.280 (P = 0.638) |
Logistic regression: aortic valve calcification (AVC), sex, age, hypertension, smoking, serum level of fibrinogen, total cholesterol, triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein | ||
| Hu DY, 2006 | Prospective cohort | 3513 (CAD: 3513) | 69 (65–77) | 2341:1172 | Systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg, or current antihypertensive treatment | ||||
| Li, 2007 | Retrospective cohort | 651: CAD 71 non CAD 580 |
Mean: 56 (8) Range: 42–75 CAD: 63 (9) Non-CAD: 54 (9) |
301:350 CAD: 54:17 Non-CAD: 247:333 |
NR | 1.74 (P = 0.05) | |||
| Li, 2006 | Prospective cohort | 553: CAD 388: non-CAD 165 | Mean: 60.1 (9.7) CAD: 61.4 (9.7) Non CAD: 57.2 (8.8) P = 0.00 |
CAD: 82.6% Non-CAD: 63.9% P = 0.00 |
NR | 1.40 (P = 0.08) | |||
| Wang, 2006 | Survey | 30,378 (ACS 227 stroke 582 non CVD 29,569) | Mean: 46.89 ASC: 52.4 (7.9) Non-CVD: 46.7 (8.0) |
ASC: male 70.5% Non CVD: male 53.2% |
BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or on antihypertension medication | % of patients with hypertension: ACS 49.8% vs. non CVD 26.0% | RR: 1.914 | Cox regression: age, gender, blood pressure, TC, smoking, low HDL-C, diabetes, obesity |