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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2012 Nov;123(0 2):125–137. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07951.x

Figure 7. Schematic of LPS-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.

Figure 7

LPS activates TLR and ROS, which lead to the activation of AMPK. p-AMPK stimulates the upregulation of NRF1 and TFAM mRNA expression. Akt is also activated by LPS stimulation, independently of AMPK activation. p-Akt facilitates the nuclear translocation of NRF1 from the cytosol and subsequent upregulation of TFAM mRNA expression. These events are coordinated to induce mitochondrial biogenesis and contribute to ischemic tolerance.