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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 12.
Published in final edited form as: Br J Psychiatry. 2011 Aug;199(2):126–131. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.091751

TABLE 1.

Comparison between the characteristics of 6017 elderly community dwelling men and women, who participated in the 3C Study.

Characteristic Men (n = 2492) Women (n = 3525) Test for gender difference
Mean (SD) t test p
Age (years) 73.4 (4.9) 73.5 (4.9) −0.89 0.37
BMI (kg/m2) 26.3 (3.4) 25.3 (4.2) 9.2 < 0.001
% χ2 (df) p
≥ 12yrs schooling 38.8 24.9 133 (1) < 0.001
Married or living with others 83.2 48.1 767 (1) < 0.001
Current heavy drinker (≥ 24 grams each day) 34.6 4.1 956 (1) < 0.001
Heavy smoker (10 pack years) 8.3 3.8 57.1 (1) < 0.001
Physical activity limitations 5.3 7.5 11.2 (1) < 0.001
At least three current medications 48.0 56.1 38.0 (1) <0.001
Cognitive impairment 21.7 26.4 17.7 (1) <0.001
Insomnia 15.1 31.2 204 (1) <0.001
History of cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease 22.3 11.4 128 (1) <0.001
Comorbiditya 50.8 46.9 9.1 (1) 0.003
Current use of hormone treatment n/a 15.3 n/a n/a
Current use of antidepressants 3.4 7.8 50.0 (1) <0.001
Severe depressive symptoms (CES-D≥23) 4.3 12.2 113 (1) <0.001
Current MDD 0.6 2.0 18.1 (1) <0.001
Past MDDb 6.9 14.4 83.6 (1) <0.001
Centre 0.72 (2) 0.70
Bordeaux 22.3 22.0
Dijon 53.0 54.1
Montpellier 24.7 23.9
a

Includes cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease, more than one chronic illnesses (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, thyroid problems, asthma), or cancer diagnosed within the last 2 years.