Table 1.
Mean (SD) values for KAM and strength outcomes as well as for log-transformed, unadjusted biomarker levels and ratios of degradation to synthesis (sCPII) at baseline and follow-up for each group
|
Baseline data (n = 17) |
Follow-up data (n = 16) |
Between-group changes |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | No exercise | Exercise | No exercise | Difference | p-value | |
|
Gait outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Peak KAM (%BW*ht) |
3.75 (0.91) |
3.38 (0.78) |
3.70 (0.91) |
3.21 (0.95) |
0.04 (-0.64, 0.72) |
0.91 |
| KAM impulse (%BW*ht*sec) |
1.13 (0.40) |
1.32 (0.41) |
1.01 (0.35) |
1.24 (0.55) |
–0.05 (–0.23, 0.32) |
0.72 |
| Walking speed (m/s) |
1.18 (0.23) |
1.03 (0.17) |
1.28 (0.18) |
1.04 (0.16) |
0.08 (–0.02, 0.18) |
0.11 |
|
Strength outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Knee extension torque (Nm/kg) |
1.25 (0.34) |
0.98 (0.25) |
1.35 (0.39) |
0.97 (0.23) |
0.10 (–0.25, 0.06) |
0.19 |
| Knee flexion torque (Nm/kg) |
1.06 (0.33) |
0.82 (0.29) |
1.12 (0.35) |
0.70 (0.48) |
0.18 (–0.41, 0.06) |
0.12 |
| Hip abduction torque (Nm/kg) |
0.78 (0.19) |
0.59 (0.26) |
0.87 (0.28) |
0.69 (0.13) |
–0.02 (–0.14, 0.18) |
0.77 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Urinary markers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| uCTX-II (log ng/mmol creatinine) |
5.40 (0.81) |
5.97 (0.57) |
5.32 (0.93) |
6.25 (0.68) |
–0.33 (–0.71, 0.04) |
0.11 |
| uC2C (log μg/mmol creatinine) |
2.45 (0.68) |
2.46 (0.76) |
2.57 (0.81) |
2.71 (0.58) |
–0.10 (–0.35, 0.16) |
0.73 |
|
Serum markers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| sHA (log U/L) |
3.47 (0.93) |
3.80 (0.96) |
3.26 (1.13) |
4.21 (0.86) |
–0.79 (–1.67, 0.08) |
0.10 |
| sCOMP (log U/L) |
2.20 (0.21) |
2.26 (0.17) |
2.11 (0.24) |
2.36 (0.13) |
–0.16 (–0.30,–0.02) |
0.04 |
| sCPII (log U/L) |
6.56 (0.19) |
6.44 (0.53) |
6.50 (0.36) |
6.71 (0.40) |
–0.34 (–0.94, 0.24) |
0.27 |
|
Ratios |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| uCTX-II:sCPII |
–1.16 (0.74) |
–0.46 (0.49) |
–1.18 (0.97) |
–0.46 (0.81) |
0.01 (–0.63, 0.66) |
0.97 |
| uC2C:sCPII |
–4.11 (0.69) |
–3.98 (1.19) |
–3.93 (0.98) |
–4.01 (0.73) |
0.22 (–0.59, 1.03) |
0.61 |
| sHA:sCPII | –3.09 (0.99) | –2.64 (0.87) | –3.24 (1.37) | –2.50 (0.77) | –0.45 (–1.43, 0.53) | 0.39 |
Group comparisons (exercise – no exercise) denote the difference in mean change (95% CIs). Between-group mean differences for gait and strength data are unadjusted, while biomarker data for each log-transformed biomarker and ratio using linear regression modeling while adjusting for age and sex. Note that negative log-transformed values indicate that the absolute ratio was less than 1.0, with greater negative values indicating a smaller ratio of the degradation biomarker to the synthesis biomarker sCPII. Thus, improvements in the ratio of degradation to synthesis would be reflected in smaller negative values at follow-up.