Fig 1.

RVFV and TOSV infection downregulate PKR expression. (A) VeroE6 cells were mock infected or infected with RVFV MP-12 strain (MP-12), rMP12-C13type (C13type), Toscana virus (TOSV), Punta Toro virus (PTV), Frijoles virus (FRIV), or sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) at an MOI of 1, and the cells were harvested at 48 hpi (SFSV) or 24 hpi (all others). Whole-cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting with anti-PKR and anti-β-actin antibodies (a) or polyclonal antisera raised against RVFV (b), TOSV (c), PTV (d), FRIV (e), or SFSV (f), respectively. (B) VeroE6 cells were infected with MP-12 (●), C13type (■), TOSV (○), FRIV (▲), PTV (◆), or SFSV (▼) at an MOI of 1. Supernatants of infected cultures were harvested at the indicated time points postinfection, and virus titers were determined by plaque assay. Shown are the means and standard deviations (SD) of two independent experiments. (C) Plaque morphologies of MP-12, TOSV, PTV, FRIV, and SFSV in VeroE6 cells stained with neutral red.