Induction of CREB-driven (A), NF-κB-driven (B), and NFAT-driven (C) luciferase expression in HEK cells transfected with either 50 ng of CREB-luciferase DNA (A), 50 ng NF-κB-luciferase DNA (B), or 50 ng NFAT-luciferase (C) together with increasing concentrations of either wt US28 (●), US28ΔC54 (♢), US28R129Q (○), or US28RQ/ΔC54 (□) expression plasmids. Experiments were performed according to previously reported methods (14). Baseline signaling measurements of HEK cells transfected with equivalent amounts of the pcDNA3 expression vector were set at 100%. Data are means ± SEM from two experiments performed in quadruplicate.