Fig 9.

Representation of multiple receptor systems on Kupffer cells for Ad recognition and uptake. Adenovirus type 5 can bind scavenger receptors (such as SR-AI, SR-AII, and SREC) based on negative-charge interactions. Natural or preexisting neutralizing antibodies can bind directly to capsid proteins or can bind indirectly, via C3 binding. Monomeric IgG or pentameric IgM antibodies are recognized by different Fc receptors. Complement receptors can attach to complement proteins bound either directly or indirectly to the adenoviral surface.