Table 1.
Influenza viruses used in this study
| Virus | Genome modification | Transgene | Virus subtype | Acronym |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2)a | None | None | H9N2 | wt H9N2 |
| A/VietNam/1203/04 (H5N1)b | None | None | H5N1 | wt H5N1 |
| Nonrearranged H9N2-ΔNSc | NS1 truncation | None | H9N2 | ΔH9N2 |
| Rearranged H9N2-ΔNS1-GFPd | NS1 truncation and rearrangement | GFP | H9N2 | H9N2-GFP |
| Rearranged H9N2-ΔNS1-GLuce | NS1 truncation and rearrangement | GLuc | H9N2 | H9N2-GLuc |
| Rearranged H9N2-ΔNS1-ΔH5 Orff | NS1 truncation, rearrangement, and modified cleavage site in HA | Modified H5 HA | H9N2-H5 | H9N2-H5 |
| Surface genes from ΔH5N1 in nonrearranged H9N2-ΔNS1 backboneg | NS1 truncation and modified cleavage site in HA | None | H5N1 | ΔH5N1 |
| Rearranged H5N1 wth | Rearrangement | GFP | H5N1 | None |
| H9:pH1N1 reassortanti | None | None | H9N1 | H9:pH1N1 |
GenBank accession number 221116.
GenBank accession number 284218.
A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2) with NS1 truncation at position 99.
A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2) with NS1 truncation at position 99 with genome rearrangement and expressing GFP.
A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2) with NS1 truncation at position 99 with genome rearrangement and expressing GLuc.
A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2) with NS1 truncation at position 99 with genome rearrangement and expressing H5 HA ORF derived from A/VietNam/1203/04 (H5N1). The polybasic cleavage site present in the H5 HA was modified.
A 2:6 reassortant containing the surface genes of A/Viet Nam/1203/04 (H5N1) and the internal genes A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2) with NS1 truncation at position 99. The polybasic cleavage site present in the H5 HA was modified.
A 2:6 reassortant containing 6 genes of A/Viet Nam/1203/04 (H5N1) and segments 2 and 8 derived from the rearranged A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2). Rearranged segment 2 corresponds to PB1-2A-NEP/NS2, and modified segment 8 refers to full-length NS1-2A-GFP.
H9:pH1N1 is a 1:7 reassortant containing a ferret-adapted HA gene originally derived from A/Guinea fowl/Hong Kong/WF10/99 (H9N2) and the remaining 7 genes from A/Netherlands/602/2009 (H1N1) (12).