Table 1.

KS genes.

Genes	KAL1	FGFR1 and FGF8	PROKR2 and PROK2	CHD7	WDR11	HS6ST1	SEMA3A
Mode(s) of transmission	X-linked recessive	Autosomal dominant (incomplete penetrance) or digenic/oligogenic	Autosomal recessive or digenic/oligogenic	?	?	digenic/oligogenic?	digenic/oligogenic?
Strategy for gene identification	Cytogenetics	Cytogenetics and mouse model	Mouse models	Candidate gene	Cytogenetics	C. elegans model	Mouse model
Prevalence of mutations in KS patients	8% of male patients	10 and <1%	7 and 3%	1–5%	<1%	<1%	6%
Reference	Legouis et al. (1991), Franco et al. (1991), Hardelin et al. (1992)	Dodé et al. (2003), Falardeau et al. (2008)	Dodé et al. (2006)	Kim et al. (2008), Jongmans et al. (2009)	Kim et al. (2010)	Tornberg et al. (2011)	Hanchate et al. (2012), Young et al. (2012)

?, not known.