Table 3.
Clinical symptoms associated with stages of CTE
| Case | Years of education | Family history of neurological disease | Age of symptom onset | Presenting symptoms | Headache | Depression | Impulsivity | Explosivity | Aggression | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage I CTE | ||||||||||
| 36 | 11 | None | 17 | HA | ++ | |||||
| 37 | 12 | None | 18 | HA | ++ | |||||
| 38 | 12 | None | 20 | HA | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| 39 | 14 | None | 26 | ATT, STM, LANG | + | + | + | |||
| 41 | 16 | None | 30 | HA, STM | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ||
| 42 | 16 | Mother: Alzheimer’s disease | n/a | None | ||||||
| Stage II CTE | ||||||||||
| 43 | 15 | None | n/a | None | + | |||||
| 44 | 11 | None | 26 | HA, STM | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| 45 | 11 | None | 26 | HA, STM, MS | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| 46 | 16 | None | 30 | MND | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ||
| 47 | 13 | None | 31 | STM, DEP, PTSD | ++ | ++ | ||||
| 48 | 17 | None | 40 | MND | + | ++ | + | ++ | ||
| 49 | 16 | None | 42 | HA, DEP, ATT | ++ | ++ | ||||
| 50 | 11 | None | 41 | STM, ATT, EXP, EXEC | + | + | ++ | ++ | ||
| 51 | 20 | None | 46 | HA | ++ | + | ||||
| 52 | 16 | Father: possible Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disease | 47 | STM, ATT, EXEC, DEP | ++ | + | + | |||
| 53 | 12 | Father: possible undiagnosed dementia | 48 | MND | ++ | + | + | |||
| 54 | 14 | None | 52 | HA, STM | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| 55 | 13 | None | n/a | None | + | + | ||||
| 56 | 18 | None | n/a | None | + | |||||
| Stage III CTE | ||||||||||
| 57 | 14.5 | None | 34 | HA, MS, PAR | ++ | + | ++ | + | ++ | |
| 58 | 15 | None | 37 | HA, psychosis, STM | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
| 59 | 16 | None | 27 | MND | + | |||||
| 60 | 16 | None | 38 | STM, DEP, EXP | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| 61 | 14 | None | 40 | STM, ATT, EXEC, EXP | ++ | |||||
| 62 | 16 | Father: bipolar disease | 42 | ATT, EXEC | + | |||||
| 63 | 18 | Father: Alzheimer’s disease | 45 | HA, EXP | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | |
| 64 | 16 | None | 53 | STM, ATT, EXEC | + | + | ++ | |||
| 66 | 16 | None | 56 | STM, apathy | ++ | ++ | ||||
| 67 | 16 | Brother: mental illness | 63 | STM, EXEC, ATT | + | |||||
| 68 | 15 | None | n/a | None | + | + | + | |||
| 69 | 18 | Father: depression | 52 | HA, STM, DEP, IMP | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||
| Stage IV CTE | ||||||||||
| 72 | 12 | None | 42 | AGG, DEP, PAR | ++ | + | ++ | |||
| 73 | 15 | None | 46 | EXEC, IMP, PAR, AGG | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| 74 | 12 | Sibling: ALS | 64 | STM, EXEC, PAR | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||
| 75 | 12 | None | 56 | STM, DEP, AGG, EXP | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ||
| 76 | 12 | None | 35 | PAR, IMP, BIZ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| 77 | 16 | Mother: bipolar disease | 58 | DEP, AGG | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| 78 | 18 | None | 60 | STM, EXEC, BIZ | ||||||
| 80 | 16 | None | 76 | STM, EXEC, LANG | ++ | + | + | |||
| 81 | 12 | Brother: Alzheimer’s disease | 35 | STM, ATT, Falls | ++ | ++ | ++ | |||
| 82 | 18 | None | 49 | ATT, AGG, EXP | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ||
| 83 | 10 | None | 65 | AP, EXEC, EXP | ++ | ++ | ||||
| 84 | 16 | None | 74 | PAR | ++ | + | + | |||
| 86 | 16 | None | 83 | STM, EXEC | ||||||
AGG = aggression; ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ATT = attention loss; BIZ = bizarre behaviours; DEP = Depression; EXEC = executive dysfunction; EXP = explosivity; HA = headaches; IMP = impulsivity; LANG = language disturbance; MS = mood swings; n/a = not applicable; PAR = paranoia; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; STM = short-term memory loss.