Table 1.
Overview of conjoint activations for observation and imitation or execution of emotional facial expressions of previous studies
| Reference | Conditions | Analysis | Regions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carr et al. (2003) | Observation, imitation; happy, sad, angry, surprise, disgust, afraid whole face, only eyes, only mouth | Main effect for both conditions | IFG (L/R) |
| IPL (L/R) | |||
| ST (L) | |||
| Insula (R) | |||
| Amygdala (R) | |||
| Leslie et al. (2004) | Observation, imitation; smile, frown | Main effect for imitation as mask for the viewing condition | IFG (L) |
| IPL (R) | |||
| ST(R) | |||
| SMA (L/R) | |||
| Hennenlotter et al. (2005) | Observation, execution; smile, neutral | Conjunction similar to inclusive masking (see also Wicker 2003; Keysers, 2004) | IFG (R) |
| IPL (R) | |||
| Insula (L) | |||
| van der Gaag et al. (2007) | Observation, delayed imitation; happy, fear, disgust, neutral (blow up cheeks) | Conjunction similar to inclusive masking (see also Wicker 2003; Keysers, 2004) | IFG (L/R) |
| IPL(L/R) | |||
| Insula (L/R) | |||
| Amygdala (L/R) | |||
| pre-SMA (L/R) |
IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; ST, superior temporal cortex, SMA, supplementary motor area