Table 1. Definitions of Variables.

Symbol	Definition of variable (units in parentheses)
m dc(av)	Dry cell mass (femtograms) per population-average cell.
m RNA(av)	Mass (femtograms) of RNA per population-average cell.
n aa(av)	Number of amino acid residues of the protein fraction of population-average cells.
n′cells, n′′cells	Numbers of population-average cells needed for synthesis of 1 pg of cDNA probe.
n c–p(i), n c–p(j), n c–p(k)	Gross number of copies per population-average cell of proteins p (i}, p (j} and p (k) encoded by ORF(i), ORF(j) and ORF(k) respectively.
n # c–p(i), n # c–p(j), n # c–p(k)	Apparent number, per population-average cell, of a reference culture of copies of, respectively, proteins p (i}, p (j} and p (k).
n*c–p(i), n*c–p(j), n*c–p(k)	Apparent number, per population-average cell, of an experimental culture of copies of, respectively, proteins p( i}, p (j} and p (k).
n R(av)	The number of ribosomes per population-average cell.
n tr(i), n tr(j), n tr(k)	Numbers, per population-average cell, of transcripts of ORF(i), ORF(j) and ORF(k) respectively.
ORF(i)	Open reading frame encoding protein p (i}, represents any ORF.
ORF(j)	ORF(j) encoding protein p (j), represents a subgroup of ORF(i) for which r (j)  = 1 independent of growth rate. Expression of these proteins is considered constitutive.
ORF(k)	ORF(k) encoding protein p (k), represents a subgroup of ORF(i) that encode proteins whose abundance is directly proportional to nR(av).
f #, f *	Fluorescence of cDNA samples prepared from reference and experimental cells respectively
r	The r-value (f */f #).
r (i), r (j), r (k)	Expression ratio for ORF(i), ORF(j) and ORF(k) respectively.
β R	Fraction of ribosomes, per population-average cell, that is actively synthesizing protein.
ε aa(av)	The polypeptide chain elongation rate (amino acids h−1) of the protein fraction of population-average cells.
ε aa(i), ε aa(j), ε aa(k)	The polypeptide chain elongation rates of proteins p (i}, p (j} and p (k) respectively.
µ	Specific growth rate (h−1).
v # tr(i), v*tr(i)	Number of transcripts of ORF(i) per picogram of RNA substrate for cDNA synthesis.
ω′aa(av), ω′′aa(av)	Specific protein synthesis rates (amino acid residues h−1) of population-average cells of reference and experimental cultures.

Theoretical values are shown by a prime and double prime which, respectively, denote values for reference and experimental cell cultures. Empirical values are shown by hashes and asterisks which, respectively, denote values for reference and experimental cell cultures.