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. 2013 Apr 12;8(4):e60972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060972

Figure 2. Typical force curves obtained from AFM measurement.

Figure 2

(A) Approach and retraction force curves with adhesion; and (B) without adhesion. The cantilever approaches (a to b), touches (b), makes indentation (b to c) and retracts (d) from the cell. Force of membrane tether formation (Fmtf) was measured at the sudden drop of force when a rupture of a membrane tether occurred (denoted by an arrow).