Figure 5. Effects of Aβ, histamine, and lovastatin on adhesion probability at the bEND3 cell surface with AFM cantilever tips biofunctionalized by conjugating sLe^x at their surface.

(A) Adhesion probability was measured for cells treated with histamine, Aβ, lovastatin and Aβ and lovastatin alone. Adhesion probability was calculated by normalizing the number of force curves with adhesion events by the total number of force curves. ***p≤0.001, **p≤0.01 compare to the control; °°°p≤0.001 compare to the Aβ (1 µM) treatment group. (B) bEND3 was treated with histamine, and adhesion probability was measured. A highest adhesion probability was obtained for the cantilever coated with sLe^x; whereas lower adhesion probabilities were obtained for the cantilever coated with biotin only, and cells treated with antibody of P-selectin, indicating that F_mtf measured in this study are highly molecularly specific through sLe^x-P-selectin bonding. ***p≤0.001compare to the sLe^x coating group.