Fig. 1.

Key residues and motifs in rVMAT2. (A and B) Transmembrane topology of rVMAT2. Shaded triangles indicate the four structural repeat elements in the MFS fold (10). The same coloring of TM helices is used in all subsequent figures. (A) Residues that have been investigated in this study are highlighted. (B) Regions of structural motifs conserved in the entire MFS family (white bars) or only in DHA12 transporters (21) (black bars) are highlighted. (C) Alignment between rVMAT2 and LacY in the motif regions. (D) Model of rVMAT2 in a cytoplasmic-facing state, indicating the locations of the motif residues (spheres), viewed from the vesicular lumen side.