Table 1.
Patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics
| Patients’ characteristics | Primary cohort (n = 259) | Divided by sedation level at 48 h in patients with ICU stay >48 h | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lightly sedated (n = 45) | Deeply sedated (n = 209) | P value | ||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 53.1 ± 15.9 | 53.6 ± 13.9 | 53.2 ± 16.3 | 0.87 |
| Male (n) % | (162) 62.5 % | (25) 55.5 % | (134) 64.1 % | 0.28 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 68.2 ± 19.8 | 72.7 ± 22.2 | 67.4 ± 19.4 | 0.10 |
| APACHE II score, mean (SD) | 21.3 ± 8.2 | 20.1 ± 7.8 | 21.6 ± 8.3 | 0.24 |
| Operative admission diagnosis (n) % | (83) 32.0 % | (18) 40.7 % | (65) 31.1 % | 0.25 |
| Respiratory failure admission diagnosisa (n) % | (66) 25.5 % | (13) 28.9 % | (51) 24.4 % | 0.53 |
| Cardiovascular admission diagnosisa (n) % | (39) 15.4 % | (11) 24.4 % | (29) 13.9 % | 0.08 |
| Vasopressors infusions (n) % | (209) 80.7 % | (28) 62.2 % | (164) 78.4 % | 0.021 |
| Renal replacement therapy (n) % | (73) 28.2 % | (7) 15.6 % | (43) 20.6 % | 0.44 |
| Tracheostomy after ICU admission (n) % | (36) 14 % | (7) 15.6 % | (28) 13.4 % | 0.71 |
| Time to tracheostomy, median (IQR) days | 9.35 (5.63–15.34) | 11 (5.67–16) | 9.35 (5.63–13.7) | 0.86 |
| Ventilation days, median (IQR) | 4.96 (2.99–8.8) | 3.95 (2.7–6.9) | 6.69 (4–11.7) | 0.008 |
| 28-Day coma and delirum-free days | 24 (0–26) | 28 (26–28) | 23 (0–26) | <0.0001 |
| ICU length of stay, median (IQR) days | 7.19 (4.8–11) | 6.52 (4.83–6.69) | 7.7 (4.95–11.57) | 0.35 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR) days | 16.4 (10.0–30.7) | 17.6 (12.7–32.2) | 16.5 (9.5–28.9) | 0.08 |
| ICU mortality (n) % | (66) 25.5 % | (3) 6.7 % | (63) 30.1 % | 0.001 |
| Hospital mortality (n) % | (82) 31.7 % | (6) 13.4 % | (76) 36.4 % | 0.003 |
| 180-day mortality (n) % | (110/237) 46.4 % | (10/41) 24.4 % | (100/192) 52.1 % | 0.001 |
n Number, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, APACHE II Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation
aAPACHE III diagnostic codes [19]