Table 2.
Daily and global incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, intra-abdominal hypertension and gastrointestinal failure among survivors and non-survivors
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 4 | Day 7 | Cumulative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 377 | 352 | 264 | 200 | 377 |
| Survivors | 260 | 244 | 194 | 147 | 260 |
| Nonsurvivors | 117 | 106 | 70 | 53 | 117 |
| Median (IQR) number of GI symptoms | Cumulative maximum# | ||||
| Total | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) |
| Survivors | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) |
| Nonsurvivors | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) |
| P value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Absent bowel sounds | |||||
| Total (%) | 125 (33.2) | 82 (23.3) | 42 (15.9) | 29 (14.9) | 142 (37.7) |
| Survivors (%) | 76 (29.2) | 45 (18.4) | 25 (12.9) | 15 (10.3) | 88 (33.8) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 49 (41.9) | 37 (34.9) | 17 (24.3) | 14 (28.6) | 54 (46.2) |
| P value* | 0.018 | <0.001 | 0.033 | 0.009 | 0.022 |
| Diarrhoea | |||||
| Total (%) | 26 (6.9) | 40 (11.2) | 46 (17.4) | 39 (19.5) | 81 (21.5) |
| Survivors (%) | 16 (6.2) | 20 (8.2) | 31 (16.0) | 26 (17.7) | 53 (20.4) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 10 (8.5) | 20 (18.9) | 15 (21.4) | 13 (24.5) | 28 (23.9) |
| P value* | 0.388 | 0.006 | 0.270 | 0.314 | 0.498 |
| Bowel distension | |||||
| Total (%) | 54 (14.3) | 53 (15.1) | 32 (12.9) | 19 (9.5) | 78 (20.7) |
| Survivors (%) | 33 (12.7) | 34 (13.9) | 21 (11.5) | 10 (6.8) | 48 (18.5) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 21 (17.9) | 19 (17.9) | 11 (16.7) | 9 (17.0) | 30 (25.6) |
| P value* | 0.202 | 0.325 | 0.275 | 0.049 | 0.129 |
| Vomiting/regurgitation | |||||
| Total (%) | 18 (4.8) | 11 (3.1) | 5 (1.9) | 7 (3.5) | 31 (15.5) |
| Survivors (%) | 11 (4.2) | 7 (2.9) | 3 (1.5) | 5 (3.4) | 22 (8.5) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 7 (6.0) | 4 (3.8) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.8) | 9 (7.7) |
| P value* | 0.445 | 0.738 | 0.611 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| High gastric residual volume | |||||
| Total (%) | 13 (3.4) | 8 (2.3) | 8 (3.0) | 8 (4.0) | 28 (7.4) |
| Survivors (%) | 8 (3.1) | 5 (2.4) | 5 (2.6) | 5 (3.4) | 15 (5.8) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 5 (4.3) | 3 (2.8) | 3 (4.3) | 3 (5.7) | 13 (11.1) |
| P value* | 0.556 | 0.706 | 0.712 | 0.697 | 0.086 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | |||||
| Total (%) | 16 (4.2) | 13 (3.7) | 5 (1.9) | 4 (2.0) | 24 (6.4) |
| Survivors (%) | 7 (2.7) | 4 (1.6) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.4) | 11 (4.2) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 9 (7.7) | 9 (8.5) | 3 (4.3) | 2 (3.8) | 13 (11.1) |
| P value* | 0.049 | 0.003 | 0.116 | 0.270 | 0.020 |
| At least 1 GI symptom | |||||
| Total | 168 (44.6) | 146 (41.7) | 109 (41.3) | 81 (40.5) | 227 (60.2) |
| Survivors | 105 (40.4) | 88 (33.8) | 71 (27.3) | 51 (19.6) | 148 (56.9) |
| Nonsurvivors | 63 (53.8) | 58 (49.6) | 38 (32.5) | 30 (25.6) | 79 (67.5) |
| P value* | 0.019 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.054 |
| 2 or more GI symptoms | |||||
| Total | 62 (16.4) | 46 (13.1) | 21 (8.0) | 20 (10.0) | 76 (20.2) |
| Survivors | 39 (15.0) | 24 (9.2) | 13 (5.0) | 10 (3.8) | 44 (16.9) |
| Nonsurvivors | 23 (19.7) | 22 (18.8) | 8 (6.8) | 10 (8.5) | 32 (27.4) |
| P value* | 0.293 | 0.009 | 0.203 | 0.017 | 0.026 |
| 3 or more GI symptoms = GI failure | |||||
| Total (%) | 18 (4.8) | 11 (3.1) | 6 (2.3) | 3 (1.5) | 24 (6.4) |
| Survivors (%) | 7 (2.7) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.7) | 9 (3.5) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 11 (9.4) | 9 (8.5) | 5 (7.1) | 2 (3.8) | 15 (12.8) |
| P value* | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.172 | 0.001 |
| 4 or more GI symptoms | |||||
| Total | 4 (1.1) | 11 (3.1) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | 16 (4.2) |
| Survivors | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 5 (1.9) |
| Nonsurvivors | 2 (1.7) | 9 (7.7) | 0 | 0 | 11 (9.4) |
| P value* | 0.591 | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||
| Intra-abdominal hypertension | |||||
| Total (%) | 109 (28.9) | 96 (27.4) | 68 (25.8) | 40 (20.0) | 161 (42.7) |
| Survivors (%) | 77 (29.6) | 71 (29.1) | 55 (28.4) | 32 (21.8) | 111(42.7) |
| Nonsurvivors (%) | 32 (27.4) | 25 (23.6) | 13 (18.6) | 8 (15.1) | 50 (42.7) |
| P value* | 0.713 | 0.421 | 0.105 | 0.305 | 1.000 |
* P values refer to comparisons between survivors and nonsurvivors
#Maximal daily sum of GI symptoms