Table 2.

Serum Markers of Inflammation and progression of diabetic retinopathy in the DCCT

	Relative Risk (95% CI)
	Tx	Tx + HbA1c	Full Model*	Number of incident Cases/Total N
hsCRP
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	49/260
Q2	0.98 (0.66–1.46)	0.88 (0.59–1.31)	0.99 (0.66–1.48)	48/273
Q3	1.14 (0.76–1.68)	0.93 (0.63–1.37)	0.99 (0.66–1.48)	54/276
Q4	0.72 (0.46–1.11)	0.69 (0.44–1.07)	0.72 (0.45–1.16)	34/270
Q5	1.24 (0.84–1.82)	1.06 (0.72–1.56)	1.18 (0.76–1.81)	55/271
P for trend	0.20	0.34	0.25
ICAM-1
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	39/280
Q2	0.93 (0.60–1.44)	0.82 (0.52–1.27)	0.81 (0.52–1.26)	40/278
Q3	1.10 (0.72–1.67)	1.00 (0.65–1.52)	1.07 (0.70–1.62)	50/269
Q4	1.30 (0.87–1.94)	1.04 (0.69–1.55)	0.98 (0.65–1.48)	63/290
Q5	1.51 (1.02–2.26)	1.08 (0.72–1.62)	1.06 (0.69–1.62)	63/279
P for trend	0.007	0.36	0.51
VCAM -1
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	53/272
Q2	0.98 (0.67–1.43)	0.90 (0.61–1.32)	0.85 (0.57–1.25)	52/274
Q3	0.83 (0.55–1.23)	0.79 (0.53–1.18)	0.75 (0.50–1.13)	44/272
Q4	0.94 (0.64–1.37)	0.82 (0.56–1.20)	0.77 (0.52–1.14)	53/285
Q5	1.00 (0.69–1.47)	0.83 (0.56–1.21)	0.78 (0.53–1.16)	53/292
P for trend	0.97	0.34	0.26
TNFR1
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	52/298
Q2	1.08 (0.74–1.58)	1.14 (0.78–1.67)	1.11 (0.76–1.62)	57/288
Q3	0.96 (0.65–1.41)	1.12 (0.76–1.64)	1.06 (0.72–1.56)	53/292
Q4	0.83 (0.56–1.25)	1.08 (0.72–1.62)	0.85 (0.56–1.29)	44/272
Q5	1.07 (0.72–1.59)	1.15 (0.77–1.71)	0.91 (0.60–1.36)	47/240
P for trend	0.86	0.62	0.35

^*Additionally adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, smoking status (never, past, current), and total/HDL cholesterol ratio.

All models [Tx, Tx+HbA1c, and Full Model] are also adjusted for baseline retinopathy stratum.