Table 3.

Serum Markers of Inflammation and Risk of incident CSME in the DCCT

	Relative Risk (95% CI)
	Tx	Tx + HbA1c	Full Model*	Number of incident Cases/Total N
hsCRP
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	16/260
Q2	1.10 (0.55–2.18)	1.03 (0.52–2.04)	0.88 (0.44–1.77)	17/273
Q3	1.37 (0.73–2.60)	1.20 (0.63–2.27)	1.12 (0.57–2.18)	23/276
Q4	1.33 (0.70–2.53)	1.39 (0.73–2.65)	1.24 (0.88–3.33)	22/270
Q5	1.80 (0.98–3.30)	1.55 (0.84–2.84)	1.83 (0.94–3.55)	31/271
P for trend	0.04	0.11	0.01
ICAM-1
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	18/280
Q2	0.95 (0.49–1.82)	0.81 (0.42–1.56)	0.92 (0.48–1.78)	18/278
Q3	1.10 (0.57–2.07)	0.98 (0.52–1.85)	1.17 (0.62–2.22)	21/269
Q4	1.02 (0.56–1.89)	0.82 (0.44–1.52)	1.06 (0.56–2.00)	24/290
Q5	1.67 (0.95–2.97)	1.23 (0.69–2.20)	1.41 (0.76–2.61)	34/279
P for trend	0.03	0.27	0.19
VCAM-1
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	25/272
Q2	1.04 (0.60–1.81)	1.00 (0.58–1.74)	0.97 (0.55–1.71)	26/274
Q3	0.63 (0.34–1.18)	0.60 (0.32–1.13)	0.65 (0.34–1.22)	16/272
Q4	0.75 (0.41–1.36)	0.67 (0.38–1.22)	0.67 (0.37–1.23)	19/285
Q5	1.16 (0.68–1.99)	1.01 (0.59–1.73)	0.98 (0.56–1.71)	29/292
P for trend	0.73	0.86	0.81
TNFR1
Q1	1.0	1.0	1.0	25/298
Q2	0.60 (0.33–1.09)	0.64 (0.35–1.17)	0.63 (0.34–1.15)	18/288
Q3	0.76 (0.43–1.33)	0.87 (0.50–1.53)	0.89 (0.50–1.58)	24/292
Q4	0.82 (0.47–1.45)	1.02 (0.58–1.80)	0.85 (0.47–1.53)	24/272
Q5	0.87 (0.50–1.53)	0.88 (0.50–1.54)	0.73 (0.41–1.31)	24/240
P for trend	0.90	0.82	0.57

^*Additionally adjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, smoking status (never, past, current), and total/HDL cholesterol ratio.

All models [Tx, Tx+HbA1c, and Full Model] are also adjusted for baseline retinopathy stratum.