Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and predisposing conditions in 2781 patients with definite endocarditis. Data are number (%) unless otherwise stated.
| Total Cohort | Patients admitted directly to study sites onlya | Region |
P value for the difference in regions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America | South America | Europe | Other | ||||
| A. Baseline Characteristics | |||||||
| Age, years (median (IQR)) | 57.9 (43.2–71.8) | 59.8 (44.2–73.1) | 52.9 (44.1–66.4) | 56.8 (40.3–70.4) | 61.4 (45.1–72.7) | 58.0 (40.5–72.9) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 1889/2777 (68) | 1045/1556 (67) | 388/596 (65) | 179/254 (70) | 873/1212 (72) | 449/715 (63) | <0.001 |
| First sign to admission < 1 month | 2088/2711 (77) | 1201/1529 (79) | 496/582 (85) | 166/244 (68) | 896/1174 (76) | 530/711 (75) | <0.001 |
| Hemodialysis | 220/2777 (8) | 130/1556 (8) | 124/596 (21) | 20/254 (8) | 49/1210 (4) | 27/717 (4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 447/2764 (16) | 261/1550 (17) | 158/592 (27) | 25/253 (10) | 169/1207 (14) | 95/712 (13) | <0.001 |
| HIV positive | 58/2748 (2) | 41/1540 (3) | 16/594 (3) | 4/236 (2) | 33/1211 (3) | 5/707 (1) | 0.02 |
| Cancer | 230/2772 (8) | 160/1553 (10) | 52/596 (9) | 15/251 (6) | 101/1210 (8) | 62/715 (9) | 0.56 |
| IE type | 0.05 | ||||||
| Native valve | 1901/2636 (72) | 1048/1471 (71) | 411/573 (72) | 167/246 (68) | 860/1166 (74) | 463/651 (71) | |
| Prosthetic valve | 563/2636 (21) | 321/1471 (22) | 116/573 (20) | 66/246 (27) | 227/1166 (20) | 154/651 (24) | |
| Pacemaker/ICD | 172/2636 (7) | 102/1471 (7) | 46/573 (8) | 13/246 (5) | 79/1166 (7) | 34/651 (5) | |
| B. Predisposing Conditions | |||||||
| Current IV drug use | 268/2746 (10) | 157/1540 (10) | 93/587 (16) | 1/249 (0.4) | 113/1203 (9) | 61/707 (9) | <0.001 |
| Previous IE | 222/2780 (8) | 138/1557 (9) | 66/596 (11) | 26/254 (10) | 84/1213 (7) | 46/717 (6) | 0.003 |
| Invasive procedure within 60 days | 690/2581 (27) | 392/1463 (27) | 162/508 (32) | 64/247 (26) | 289/1145 (25) | 175/681 (26) | 0.03 |
| Chronic IV access | 244/2763 (9) | 142/1548 (9) | 148/595 (25) | 12/251 (5) | 56/1205 (5) | 28/712 (4) | <0.001 |
| Endocavitary device | |||||||
| Pacemaker | 262/2752 (10) | 146/1540 (9) | 55/595 (9) | 23/252 (9) | 137/1191 (12) | 47/714 (7) | 0.005 |
| ICD | 27/2720 (1) | 15/1521 (1) | 16/593 (3) | 0/249 (0) | 8/1172 (1) | 3/706 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Congenital heart disease | 311/2656 (12) | 167/1481 (11) | 62/582 (11) | 53/244 (22) | 111/1156 (10) | 85/674 (13) | <0.001 |
| Native valve predisposition | 884/2761 (32) | 538/1547 (35) | 147/596 (25) | 93/252 (37) | 370/1201 (31) | 274/712 (38) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IE = infective endocarditis, IV = intravenous, ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator
a
Excludes patients transferred to study hospitals from other health care facilities