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Thirteen days of elevated glucose increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to 5.5, 16.5, or 33 mM glucose in DMEM/1% FBS for 13 days. Measurements were made as described in methods. mtDNA damage was assessed using the long-range PCR (LRPCR) protocol. Values are normalized to 5.5 mM glucose and are means ± SE. *P < 0.05 compared with the 5.5 mM control.
