Fig. 3.
Basal cardiovascular performance. Heart rate [in beats/min (bpm); A], mean atrial pressure (MAP; B), maximum rate of cardiac contraction (dP/dtmax; C), and rate of cardiac contraction at 40 mmHg (dP/dt40; D) were determined in anesthetized control (n = 7) and knockout (n = 7) mice using a pressure catheter advanced into the left ventricle. Data were collected at baseline (0) and following administration of increasing doses of dobutamine. Values represent means ± SE. Main effects and interactions from 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA are shown in each panel. Grp, group; Trt, treatment. Post hoc comparisons were as follows: *P = 0.015 compared with control.