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. 2013 Feb 22;27(4):487–494. doi: 10.1038/eye.2013.10

Table 1. Demographics, health-related behaviors, and comorbidities of participants with and without self-reported glaucoma.

  Self-reported no glaucoma
Self-reported glaucoma
P-value
  Mean or % SE Mean or % SE  
Demographics
 Age (years) 56.5 0.71 67.4 1.36 <.0001
 Female 52.9% 1.1% 54.4% 4.8% 0.7847
 Race         0.0023
  Mexican 5.4% 0.8% 2.5% 1.0%  
  Other hispanic 2.4% 0.7% 0.5% 0.4%  
  Non-hispanic White 77.4% 2.5% 75.3% 4.8%  
  Non-hispanic Black 10.0% 1.8% 19.0% 3.9%  
  Other and multiracial 4.8% 0.7% 2.7% 1.4%  
 Education         0.3767
  <9th grade 7.1% 0.8% 8.8% 2.5%  
  9th grade—less than HS graduate 10.4% 1.2% 12.0% 1.6%  
  HS graduate or GED equivalent 26.0% 1.0% 28.2% 4.2%  
  Some college 29.1% 1.3% 31.0% 4.6%  
  College graduate and beyond 27.3% 2.3% 20.0% 3.0%  
 Annual household income ($)         0.0466
  <$20 000 14.8% 1.1% 21.3% 4.4%  
  $20 000—$44 999 26.5% 1.9% 33.7% 4.2%  
  $45 000—$74 999 24.0% 1.3% 23.6% 2.0%  
  $75 000 and up 32.8% 2.9% 19.9% 3.5%  
  >$20 000a 1.8% 0.4% 1.6% 1.3%  
           
Health-related behaviors
 Smoking         0.0006
  Current 22.0% 1.4% 9.1% 2.8%  
  Past 30.1% 1.5% 43.9% 3.4%  
  Never 47.9% 1.9% 47.1% 3.8%  
 Average daily number of alcoholic drinks         0.0228
  0 38.6% 2.1% 51.8% 5.6%  
  >0 and <1 44.7% 2.1% 32.4% 4.2%  
  ≥1 and <2 8.2% 0.8% 11.9% 2.6%  
  ≥2 and <4 6.4% 0.5% 2.9% 1.6%  
  ≥4 2.2% 0.4% 0.9% 0.7%  
           
Comorbidities
 General health condition         0.1415
  Excellent or good 43.4% 1.7% 39.7% 4.4%  
  Fair 37.9% 1.0% 33.7% 4.4%  
  Poor or very Poor 18.6% 1.1% 26.5% 4.3%  
 Visual comorbidities          
  History of cataract extraction 9.3% 0.7% 32.5% 5.6% <.0001
  Self-reported age-related macular degeneration 3.2% 0.3% 8.8% 2.0% 0.0004
  Self-reported diabetic retinopathy 2.3% 0.3% 8.0% 1.8% 0.0004
 Medical comorbidities          
  Thyroid disease 13.7% 1.1% 20.4% 3.1% 0.0383
a

Some participants were unable to report annual household income to greater detail than <$20 000.