Table 1. Subject characteristics.
| Measure | All subjects | AT subjects | NA subjects | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.3±0.6 | 68.5±0.9 | 70.0±0.8 | 0.226 |
| Body mass index (kg m−2) | 29.7±0.6 | 30.9±1.0 | 28.6±0.8 | 0.070 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 144±3 | 148±4 | 140±3 | 0.161 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 82±2 | 82±3 | 82±2 | 0.942 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 74±1 | 73±2 | 75±2 | 0.703 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol l−1) | 7.8±0.3 | 7.7±0.4 | 7.8±0.4 | 0.985 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (%) | 6.7±0.2 | 6.8±0.3 | 6.6±0.2 | 0.923 |
| Years since diabetes diagnosis | 7.9±0.6 | 7.8±1.1 | 7.9±0.7 | 0.520 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 5.0±0.2 | 4.9±0.2 | 5.0±0.3 | 0.888 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 2.6±0.1 | 2.7±0.2 | 2.6±0.2 | 0.841 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol l−1) | 1.5±0.1 | 1.5±0.1 | 1.6±0.2 | 0.671 |
| Radial PWV (m s−1) | 10.78±0.32 | 11.17±0.42 | 10.34±0.47 | 0.197 |
| Femoral PWV (m s−1) | 11.97±0.44 | 13.40±0.69 | 12.03±0.63 | 0.162 |
| VO2max (ml kg−1 per minute) | 22.5±0.7 | 22.2±0.9 | 23.4±1.0 | 0.382 |
| Medications (number, percent) | ||||
| Metformin | 34 (66%) | 17 (70%) | 17 (63%) | 0.772 |
| Sulfonylureas | 21 (40%) | 13 (52%) | 8 (30%) | 0.157 |
| Glitazones | 8 (17%) | 3 (13%) | 5 (20%) | 0.715 |
| Statin | 24 (45%) | 14 (57%) | 10 (37%) | 0.175 |
| ACE inhibitors | 25 (47%) | 12 (48%) | 13 (47%) | 0.989 |
| ARB | 12 (21%) | 7 (26%) | 5 (17%) | 0.501 |
| Beta-blockers | 9 (15%) | 4 (17%) | 5 (13%) | 0.715 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 4 (8%) | 3 (13%) | 1 (3%) | 0.305 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 16 (30%) | 10 (39%) | 6 (23%) | 0.242 |
| Other diuretics | 3 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (7%) | 0.989 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PWV, pulse-wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; VO2max, maximal uptake of oxygen.
Demographic data for aerobically trained (AT), untrained (NA) and all subjects are shown as mean±s.e. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant.