Table 3.

Unadjusted and Multivariate-Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Taiwan, 1991–2004

Characteristic	Unadjusted		Multivariate-Adjusted
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Sex
Female	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Male	3.17	2.45, 4.12	1.94	1.41, 2.66
Age, years	1.07	1.06, 1.09	1.08	1.07, 1.10
BMIa
<30	1.00	Referent	N/A
≥30	1.47	0.95, 2.30	N/A
Alcohol consumption
No	1.00	Referent	N/A
Yes	2.56	1.96, 3.35	N/A
Cigarette smoking
No	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Yes	2.24	1.79, 2.80	1.31	1.00, 1.72
Hepatitis B surface antigen status
Negative	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Positive	9.35	7.39, 11.84	9.90	7.77, 12.62
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L
≤45	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
>45	7.68	5.83, 10.14	3.70	2.75, 4.98
Anti-hepatitis C virus antibody status
Negative	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Positive	4.72	3.58, 6.21	3.24	2.42, 4.35
Diabetes
No	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Yes	3.11	1.98, 4.90	1.82	1.15, 2.88
Alcohol drinkingb/BMI
No/<30	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
No/≥30	1.06	0.60, 1.90	1.17	0.65, 2.11
Yes/<30	2.30	1.73, 3.07	1.46	1.07, 1.98
Yes/≥30	7.19	3.69, 14.00	3.82	1.94, 7.52
P for alcohol/BMI interaction	0.020

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.

^a Weight (kg)/height (m)².

^b Alcohol drinkers were defined as those who consumed alcohol at least 4 days per week for at least 1 year.