Table 1.
Descriptive statistics.
| Variable |
All firms |
Industry and construction |
Service sector |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std. dev. | Mean | Std. dev. | Mean | Std. dev. | |
| Employee characteristics | ||||||
| Proportion of employees | ||||||
| Aged under 30 (‘young’) | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.17 | 0.30 | 0.18 |
| Aged 30–49 (‘prime-aged’) | 0.54 | 0.15 | 0.52 | 0.14 | 0.55 | 0.16 |
| Aged over 49 (‘old’) | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.13 |
| Herfindahl index (of age concentration) | 0.48 | 0.10 | 0.46 | 0.08 | 0.49 | 0.12 |
| Proportion of employees | ||||||
| Tenure ≤ ¼ year | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| ¼ year > Tenure ≤ 1 year | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.17 |
| 1 year > Tenure ≤ 2 year | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.16 |
| 2 year > Tenure ≤ 5 year | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.17 |
| 5 year > Tenure ≤ 10 years | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| Tenure > 10 years | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.13 |
| Proportion in occupation | ||||||
| Self-employed | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
| White-collar | 0.45 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.58 | 0.34 |
| Blue-collar (incl. home workers) | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.64 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.32 |
| Apprenticeship | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| Proportion of | ||||||
| Male employees | 0.66 | 0.25 | 0.77 | 0.20 | 0.58 | 0.26 |
| Female employees | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.42 | 0.26 |
| Proportion of | ||||||
| Part-time | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.19 |
| Full-time | 0.87 | 0.17 | 0.91 | 0.11 | 0.84 | 0.19 |
| Firm characteristics | ||||||
| Value-added per employee in 2005 (in TEUR) | 71.66 | 459.97 | 50.20 | 41.60 | 87.08 | 601.44 |
| Gross wages and salaries per employee in 2005 (in TEUR) | 28.57 | 13.44 | 27.62 | 8.82 | 29.25 | 15.91 |
| Value-added per employee (in TEUR) | 73.73 | 723.44 | 50.55 | 40.07 | 90.38 | 947.31 |
| Gross wages and salaries per employee (in TEUR) | 28.25 | 13.18 | 26.79 | 8.66 | 29.29 | 15.56 |
| Size of firm (in persons employed) | 73.07 | 404.05 | 82.52 | 261.57 | 66.28 | 480.91 |
| Age of firm (in years) | 18.70 | 16.19 | 18.72 | 14.90 | 18.68 | 17.06 |
| Multi-plant (0, 1) | 0.29 | – | 0.27 | – | 0.30 | – |
| Net fixed assets per employee (in TEUR) | 534.86 | 10,177.04 | 101.62 | 363.07 | 828.84 | 13,328.51 |
| Variable | Share | Share | Share | |||
| Firm characteristics | ||||||
| Sector affiliation | ||||||
| NACE C (mining and quarrying) | 0.00 | 0.01 | – | |||
| NACE D (manufacturing) | 0.24 | 0.58 | – | |||
| NACE E (electricity, gas and water supply) | 0.00 | 0.01 | – | |||
| NACE F (construction) | 0.16 | 0.40 | – | |||
| NACE G (wholesale and retail trade, …) | 0.30 | – | 0.52 | |||
| NACE H (hotels and restaurants) | 0.07 | – | 0.12 | |||
| NACE I (transport, storage and communication) | 0.08 | – | 0.14 | |||
| NACE J (financial intermediation) | 0.01 | – | 0.02 | |||
| NACE K (real estate, renting and business activities) | 0.12 | – | 0.20 | |||
| Region | ||||||
| NUTS 11 (Burgenland) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |||
| NUTS 12 (Lower Austria) | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.15 | |||
| NUTS 13 (Vienna) | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.27 | |||
| NUTS 21 (Carinthia) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | |||
| NUTS 22 (Styria) | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.11 | |||
| NUTS 31 (Upper Austria) | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.15 | |||
| NUTS 32 (Salzburg) | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | |||
| NUTS 33 (Tyrol) | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | |||
| NUTS 34 (Vorarlberg) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | |||
Notes: All indictors are presented in values of 2002 unless otherwise specified.
NACE division 745 (“Labour recruitment and provision of personnel”) has been excluded.