Table 1.
Variable Means (Standard Deviations) for California and Comparison States, by Preregulation Staffing Quartile*
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | CA | 12 States | CA | 12 States | CA | 12 States | CA | 12 States |
| Licensed nurse FTEs per 1,000 IPD | 2.98 (0.65) | 2.51 (0.75) | 3.40 (0.77) | 3.00 (0.84) | 3.66 (0.59) | 3.34 (0.75) | 4.11 (0.74) | 4.05 (1.07) |
| RN FTEs per 1,000 IPD | 2.53 (0.69) | 2.28 (0.78) | 2.99 (0.77) | 2.72 (0.84) | 3.21 (0.70) | 3.06 (0.80) | 3.65 (0.82) | 3.72 (1.08) |
| LPN/LVN FTEs per 1,000 IPD | 0.45 (0.33) | 0.23 (0.19) | 0.41 (0.33) | 0.28 (0.24) | 0.45 (0.42) | 0.28 (0.29) | 0.45 (0.45) | 0.33 (0.33) |
| NIW-adjusted licensed nurse FTEs per 1,000 IPD | 3.01 (0.63) | 2.63 (0.86) | 3.44 (0.77) | 3.12 (0.99) | 3.58 (0.60) | 3.46 (0.94) | 3.98 (0.72) | 4.29 (1.32) |
| NIW-adjusted RN FTEs per 1,000 IPD | 2.56 (0.66) | 2.39 (0.87) | 3.02 (0.76) | 2.82 (0.95) | 3.12 (0.59) | 3.17 (0.94) | 3.52 (0.70) | 3.93 (1.27) |
| NIW-adjusted LPN/LVN FTEs per 1,000 IPD | 0.45 (0.34) | 0.25 (0.22) | 0.42 (0.35) | 0.30 (0.26) | 0.46 (0.45) | 0.30 (0.33) | 0.46 (0.48) | 0.36 (0.38) |
| NIW index | 0.99 (0.09) | 0.96 (0.11) | 0.99 (0.08) | 0.98 (0.11) | 1.03 (0.12) | 0.98 (0.12) | 1.04 (0.14) | 0.96 (0.11) |
| Risk-adjusted percent PSI 4 | 13.20 (15.46) | 14.05 (16.42) | 13.99 (14.59) | 11.32 (8.81) | 14.73 (22.85) | 11.75 (11.11) | 11.54 (11.88) | 11.62 (13.03) |
| Observed incidents PSI 4 | 2.0 (2.3) | 3.7 (4.8) | 2.7 (2.8) | 4.3 (4.8) | 4.2 (5.6) | 5.2 (6.2) | 4.1 (5.1) | 3.6 (5.5) |
| Expected incidents PSI 4 | 2.4 (2.4) | 4.0 (4.7) | 2.8 (2.7) | 5.2 (5.3) | 5.6 (7.9) | 6.2 (6.1) | 5.2 (6.5) | 4.7 (7.1) |
| Risk-adjusted % PSI 7 | 0.19 (0.15) | 0.18 (0.12) | 0.16 (0.10) | 0.21 (0.15) | 0.19 (0.13) | 0.21 (0.13) | 0.21 (0.13) | 0.19 (0.13) |
| Observed incidents PSI 7 | 8.7 (8.1) | 12.8 (14.3) | 10.5 (9.5) | 15.6 (16.2) | 14.1 (16.1) | 18.5 (18.8) | 15.8 (17.0) | 11.6 (13.7) |
| Expected incidents PSI 7 | 9.8 (6.5) | 12.9 (8.9) | 12.6 (8.7) | 13.8 (9.3) | 13.0 (9.7) | 16.5 (12.0) | 13.1 (8.6) | 11.1 (9.1) |
| Risk-adjusted percent PSI 11 | 1.15 (1.51) | 1.02 (0.78) | 0.97 (0.69) | 1.06 (0.89) | 0.90 (0.67) | 0.97 (0.61) | 0.81 (0.56) | 0.92 (0.70) |
| Observed incidents PSI 11 | 6.4 (6.2) | 11.3 (14.5) | 7.8 (7.0) | 13.3 (15.4) | 12.8 (18.9) | 15.7 (16.4) | 12.3 (16.4) | 11.2 (15.6) |
| Expected incidents PSI 11 | 6.4 (7.0) | 10.3 (11.0) | 7.9 (7.2) | 11.4 (10.5) | 11.5 (14.7) | 14.7 (12.7) | 14.7 (17.0) | 10.8 (14.7) |
| Risk-adjusted percent PSI 13 | 1.37 (3.19) | 1.11 (1.33) | 1.18 (1.51) | 1.25 (1.25) | 1.26 (2.52) | 1.15 (1.24) | 1.11 (1.44) | 1.00 (1.05) |
| Observed incidents PSI 13 | 2.1 (2.6) | 3.5 (5.5) | 2.4 (2.7) | 4.6 (5.3) | 3.5 (4.8) | 4.8 (5.5) | 3.4 (3.8) | 3.3 (6.5) |
| Expected incidents PSI 13 | 2.0 (1.9) | 3.3 (4.1) | 2.4 (2.1) | 4.0 (3.7) | 3.6 (4.2) | 4.6 (4.4) | 3.9 (3.9) | 3.4 (4.4) |
| Operating margin | −0.05 (0.20) | 0.03 (0.13) | −0.07 (0.30) | 0.00 (0.13) | −0.08 (0.37) | −0.02 (0.30) | −0.03 (0.18) | 0.01 (0.14) |
| % Medicare IPD | 31.0 (12.2) | 41.7 (11.9) | 28.7 (11.7) | 40.9 (13.1) | 28.4 (12.6) | 39.3 (13.4) | 30.8 (10.8) | 40.3 (13.4) |
| % Medicaid IPD | 14.3 (10.7) | 10.0 (5.9) | 17.8 (12.1) | 10.0 (7.2) | 14.1 (11.3) | 8.9 (6.9) | 12.7 (8.2) | 9.0 (7.1) |
| Number of beds | 150.5 (80.8) | 194.0 (104.2) | 200.1 (138.0) | 201.6 (116.4) | 201.4 (121.6) | 225.5 (166.6) | 203.3 (126.8) | 154.6 (124.9) |
| Saidin Index | 2.96 (2.22) | 4.29 (2.16) | 3.90 (2.39) | 4.58 (2.11) | 4.27 (2.64) | 5.00 (2.43) | 4.24 (2.65) | 4.09 (2.23) |
| Number of hospitals | 44 | 109 | 44 | 106 | 44 | 107 | 43 | 103 |
| Number of observations | 161 | 499 | 163 | 490 | 176 | 533 | 189 | 505 |
California staffing data come from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development; as explained in the text, comparison state staffing data are derived from the American Hospital Association (AHA). Quality of care data and measures come from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient Databases (SID). NIW index calculated using data from SID and Nurse Intensity Weights from R. Knauf (personal communication, 2007). Data on operating margin, percent Medicare IPD, percent Medicaid IPD, and number of beds come from the Hospital Cost Report Information System. The Saidin Index is calculated using information in AHA on technologies present at hospitals.