Table 3.
Covariate Balance Checking under GPS GAM Model
| Covariate | p Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted GAM | GPS Adjusted GAM | |
| Child (at 1997 survey) | ||
| Female | .455 | .97 |
| Age (months) | <.001*** | .09 |
| No. of siblings | .78 | .29 |
| First born | .589 | .40 |
| Black | <.001*** | .51 |
| HOME measure | <.001*** | .18 |
| Born preterm | <.001*** | .93 |
| Born small for gestational age | <.001*** | .78 |
| Child's health status at birth | <.001*** | .77 |
| Mother (at 1997 survey) | ||
| WIC participation | <.001*** | .69 |
| Mom's age giving birth (years) − 20 | <.001*** | .87 |
| IQ | <.001*** | .92 |
| High school graduate | <.001*** | .79 |
| College or more | <.001*** | .94 |
| Mother (year of child birth) | ||
| Annual family income ($) | <.001*** | .82 |
| Married | <.001*** | .62 |
| Employed | <.001*** | .07 |
| Head of household | <.001*** | .62 |
| Self-rated health status | <.001*** | .91 |
| Received Medicaid during pregnancy | <.001*** | .70 |
*Significant at .05 level; **significant at .01 level; ***significant at .001 level.
GAM, generalized additive model; GPS, generalized propensity score; HOME, home observation for measurement of the environment.