Table 2.
Ecological and socio-demographic factors by depression in children
| Factor | Level | Total (n) | Depression n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| District | Gulu | 403 | 20 (5.0%) |
| Kaberamaido | 399 | 14 (3.5%) | |
| Lira | 372 | 86 (23.1%) | |
| Tororo | 413 | 16 (3.9%) | |
| Age in years (grouped) | ≤ 5 | 286 | 8 (2.8%) |
| 6–9 | 416 | 24 (5.8%) | |
| 10–13 | 550 | 61 (11.1%) | |
| 14–19 | 335 | 43 (12.8%) | |
| Gender | Male | 734 | 61 (8.3%) |
| Female | 853 | 75 (8.8%) | |
| Education | No formal education | 409 | 30 (7.3%) |
| Primary (1–7 years) | 1120 | 103 (9.2%) | |
| Secondary (8+ years) | 58 | 3 (5.2%) | |
| Living arrangements | With both parents | 945 | 38 (4.0%) |
| Mother Only | 336 | 36 (10.7%) | |
| Father Only | 56 | 11 (19.6%) | |
| With grandparents | 132 | 32 (24.2%) | |
| Other | 118 | 19 (16.1%) | |
| Nature of housing | Permanent | 133 | 5 (3.8%) |
| Semi-permanent | 297 | 15 (5.0%) | |
| Hut | 1105 | 110 (10.0%) | |
| Other | 52 | 6 (11.5%) | |
| Family income (UGX) | < 15,000 | 777 | 90 (11.6%) |
| 15,000–99,000 | 358 | 25 (7.0%) | |
| 100,000 + | 285 | 7 (2.5%) | |
| Employment status of guardian | Professional | 338 | 17 (5.0%) |
| Casual | 382 | 25 (6.5%) | |
| Housewife | 216 | 21 (9.7%) | |
| Unemployed | 410 | 43 (10.5%) | |
| Other | 241 | 30 (12.4%) | |
| Number of siblings | 0–2 | 243 | 21 (8.6%) |
| 3–4 | 421 | 25 (5.9%) | |
| 5–6 | 493 | 42 (8.5%) | |
| 7+ | 430 | 48 (11.2%) | |
| Parent’s education | None | 400 | 46 (11.5%) |
| Elementary (Primary) | 841 | 74 (8.8%) | |
| Secondary | 217 | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Higher | 129 | 4 (3.1%) |