Table 2.
Data from the female diabetic population and age-matched controls: menopause influence
| |
Female control group |
Female diabetic group |
Diabetic vs control (P) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Pre-M (n = 16) | Post-M (n = 19) | P | Pre-M (n = 8) | Post-M (n = 45) | P | Pre-menopausal | Post- menopausal |
| Age (years) |
45.63 ± 1.12 |
62.37 ± 1.35 |
0.000 |
43.88 ± 1.29 |
63.44 ± 1.20 |
0.000 |
0.349 |
0.345 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) |
26.93 ± 1.21 |
27.21 ± 0.85 |
0.472 |
29.43 ± 2.44 |
30.24 ± 0.67 |
0.578 |
0.221 |
0.013 |
| WC (cm) |
91.38 ± 2.86 |
93.06 ± 2.75 |
0.575 |
100.57 ± 4.93 |
104.66 ± 2.27 |
0.081 |
0.103 |
0.000 |
| SBP (mmHg) |
132.69 ± 5.62 |
153.56 ± 4.61 |
0.004 |
120.38 ± 7.22 |
140.58 ± 3.91 |
0.048 |
0.187 |
0.113 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
84.25 ± 3.20 |
90.89 ± 2.52 |
0.175 |
72.25 ± 3.14 |
72.82 ± 2.02 |
0.519 |
0.027 |
0.000 |
| Glycemia (mmol/L) |
4.92 ± 0.10 |
5.31 ± 0.14 |
0.038 |
10.80 ± 1.65 |
10.67 ± 0.64 |
0.832 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
| HbA1c (%) |
— |
— |
— |
9.03 ± 1.08 |
9.23 ± 0.30 |
0.477 |
— |
— |
| Total-c (mmol/L) |
5.08 ± 0.16 |
5.48 ± 0.21 |
0.364 |
4.68 ± 0.44 |
4.93 ± 0.16 |
0.725 |
0.313 |
0.090 |
| TGs (mmol/L) |
1.02 ± 0.08 |
1.13 ± 0.10 |
0.455 |
1.51 ± 0.31 |
2.08 ± 0.17 |
0.467 |
0.066 |
0.003 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) |
3.21 ± 0.17 |
3.47 ± 0.19 |
0.514 |
2.71 ± 0.35 |
2.69 ± 0.15 |
0.997 |
0.164 |
0.007 |
| Ox-LDL (U/L) |
29.13 ± 1.76 |
36.46 ± 2.98 |
0.044 |
34.83 ± .58 |
31.89 ± 1.61 |
0.993 |
0.897 |
0.339 |
| Non-HDL-c (mmol/L) |
3.68 ± 0.17 |
4.01 ± 0.20 |
0.390 |
3.36 ± 0.45 |
3.60 ± 0.17 |
0.781 |
0.236 |
0.243 |
| PON1 activity | 415.66 ± 26.78 | 477.17± 32.14 | 0.420 | 443.94 ± 31.40 | 498.39 ± 35.22 | 0.089 | 0.527 | 0.916 |
Results are presented as media ± SEM. Independent samples T-test and Mann–Whitney test for normalized and non-normalized samples, respectively. P adjusted for age and BMI (ANCOVA) when adequate (when p<0.05): for age when comparing pre vs postmenopausal women (both in control and diabetic subjects); for BMI when comparing postmenopausal diabetic women vs postmenopausal control subjects. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; TGs, triglycerides; Total-c, total cholesterol; WC, waist circumference.