Table 1.
Published cases of human infection with M. triplex and related site involved
| Site | Patient (age and sex) and references | Patient’s immunocompetency | Clinical/instrumental manifestations | Diagnostic methods | Treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung | 54 year-old female (10) | Yes | Cought, fatigue CT: lung nodule, cavitations and bronchiectases | Culture of broncoalveolar lavage and bronchial aspirate genetic diagnosis | Chemotherapy RMP-EMB-INH; EMB-CLA; EMB-CLA-LVX; | A&W |
| 54 year-old female (9) | Yes | Hemoptysis, cought, fever, fatigue CT: lung infiltrate and nodule (0.3 cm) | Culture of broncoalveolar lavage genetic-diagnosis | Chemotherapy RMP-CLA-INH | A&W | |
| 67 year-old male (8) | Yes | Hemoptysis CT: bronchiectases, alveolar opacities, and micronodules. | Culture of bronchial aspirate and sputum genetic-diagnosis | Chemotherapy RMP-CLA-CIP-EMB | A&W | |
| Neck | 4 year-old female (11) | Yes | Preauricolar mass, submandibular adenopathy | Culture of lymph-node biopsy speciment genetic-diagnosis | Chemotherapy RMP-EMB-CLA; RFB-EMB-CLA; Surgical incision. | A&W |
| 4 year-old male (our case) | Yes | Submandibular lymph-node (3 × 2 cm) feel rubbery, movable and painful. no alterations of overlying skin. afebrile. | Culture of two pem lymph-node genetic-diagnosis | Surgical excision | A&W | |
| Brain | 41 year-old male (7) | Hiv-infection | Fever, cachexia, several edema of the lower limbs, diarrhea, ascite, cought. | Culture of sputum, ascitic fluid genetic diagnosis | Chemotherapy RMP-EMB-INH-CLA-PZA + Antiretroviral therapy (RITONAVIR, INDINAVIR ZIDOVUDINE AND LAMIVUDINE) | Death |
| Other | ||||||
| Disseminated disease | 40 year-old male (5) | Hiv-infection | Fever, night sweats, chills, weight loss and articular pain. MRI/CT: colliquative abscess of the left knee; spleen abscess, multiple lymphadenopathy. | Culture of join fluid, bone and blood genetic diagnosis | Chemotherapy CLA-ETIO Antiretroviral therapy was modified to include quadruple combination of 2 new nucleoside analogues (didanosine and stavudine) and 2 protease inhibitors (ritonavir and saquinavir hard-gel capsules). Surgical drainage | Condition is slowly worsening |
| Pericardial and peritoneal fluid | 13 year-old female (6) | Drug-inducted immunodepression | Ascitis, pericarditis | Culture of pericardial and peritoneal fluid GENETIC DIAGNOSIS | Drainage procedure (paracentesis and pericardiocentesis) | A&W |
| Lymph-nodes | 47 year-old male (12) | Hiv-infection | Axillary adenopathy | Culture of lymph-node biopsy speciment | Chemotherapy INH-RFP-ETB (3mo) and INH-RFP (2mo) | Death |
RMP rifampicin, CLA clarithromycin, CIP ciprofloxacin, EMB ethambutol, INH isoniazid, LVX levofloxacin, ETIO ethionamide, PZA pyrazinamide, RFB rifambutin