Table 3.
Pre-post outcomes in children stratified by weight status
| PARADE LSMean pretest | PARADE LSMean (SE) change | Control LSMean pretest | Control LSMean (SE) change | P value3 | Hypothesized direction? 4 (within /between groups) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Normal weight children
only1
| ||||||
| Outcomes from child survey | ||||||
| BMI-z | 0.051 | -0.136 (0.139) | 0.168 | 0.097 (0.230) | 0.389 | Yes / Yes |
| FV preference score | 67.91 | 0.668 (0.640) | 68.08 | -0.513 (0.953) | 0.307 | Yes / Yes |
| Activity preference score | 39.37 | 1.82 (0.589) | 39.80 | 0.898 (0.856) | 0.375 | Yes / Yes |
| % of children who would ask for FV for snack | 60.94 | -1.04 (6.19) | 53.72 | -9.25 (8.76) | 0.447 | No / Yes |
| % of children who would ask to play | 63.45 | 1.95 (4.71) | 67.40 | 8.55 (6.71) | 0.423 | Yes / No |
| % challenged self to eat 5 FV every day | 16.73 | 28.09 (5.13) | 34.28 | -7.18 (7.50) | 0.0002 | Yes / Yes |
| % challenge self to be active 1 hr every day | 59.84 | 22.69 (4.76) | 74.30 | -11.48 (7.06) | 0.0001 | Yes / Yes |
| Knowledge (% correct) | 49.48 | 27.40 (2.98) | 52.18 | 6.82 (4.24) | 0.0002 | Yes / Yes |
| Outcomes from parent interview | ||||||
| FV intake (servings) | 4.89 | 0.246 (0.245) | 4.32 | 0.797 (0.350) | 0.205 | Yes / No |
| Total calories | 2297.8 | 85.78 (98.56) | 2215.7 | 27.20 (148.4) | 0.745 | No / No |
| Percent of calories from high fat foods | 31.62 | 0.960 (0.420) | 32.20 | 0.706 (0.630) | 0.741 | No / No |
| Percent of time spent active | 13.19 | 11.16 (2.30) | 13.76 | 14.77 (3.14) | 0.360 | Yes / No |
|
| ||||||
|
Overweight and obese
children only
2
| ||||||
| Outcomes from child survey | ||||||
| BMI-z | 1.82 | -0.921 (0.524) | 1.58 | -0.324 (0.792) | 0.532 | Yes / Yes |
| FV preference score | 69.18 | -0.525 (1.13) | 68.35 | 1.11 (1.65) | 0.416 | No / No |
| Activity preference score | 38.85 | 1.35 (0.624) | 39.34 | 0.043 (0.910) | 0.239 | Yes / Yes |
| % of children who would ask for FV for snack | 51.18 | 15.09 (7.50) | 50.34 | -2.78 (10.53) | 0.173 | Yes / Yes |
| % of children who would ask to play | 72.11 | 6.20 (6.37) | 59.86 | 9.43 (9.13) | 0.773 | Yes / No |
| % challenged self to eat 5 FV every day | 29.85 | 8.50 (5.41) | 16.22 | 13.70 (7.69) | 0.582 | Yes / No |
| % challenge self to be active 1 hr every day | 68.82 | 15.22 (5.80) | 69.54 | 6.07 (8.03) | 0.359 | Yes / Yes |
| Knowledge (% correct) | 54.42 | 21.79 (3.87) | 50.92 | 5.22 (5.78) | 0.021 | Yes / Yes |
| Outcomes from parent interview | ||||||
| FV intake (servings) | 4.35 | 0.209 (0.288) | 4.79 | 0.221 (0.318) | 0.978 | Yes / No |
| Total calories | 2208.5 | -77.78 (135.1) | 2053.8 | 44.84 (155.8) | 0.557 | Yes / Yes |
| Percent of calories from high fat foods | 32.69 | -0.069 (0.509) | 31.81 | 1.45 (0.585) | 0.059 | Yes / Yes |
| Percent of time spent active | 14.77 | 12.02 (3.11) | 13.15 | 15.93 (3.57) | 0.417 | Yes / No |
1
All models for outcomes from parent interview were adjusted for parent education imbalance (p = 0.002) at baseline
2
All models except BMI-z were adjusted for gender imbalance (p = 0.025) at baseline
3
p-values are from mixed model regression analysis of intervention effect
4
Hypothesized direction response (yes/no)