Table 1.
Maternal and Infant Characteristics by Cigarette-smoking Behavior During Pregnancy
| Characteristics | Smokers (N=75) # (%) |
Quit in pregnancy (N=110) # (%) |
Never smoked (N=222) # (%) |
Fisher’s Exact p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | ||||
| < 30 years | 49 (65.3) | 64 (58.2) | 113 (50.9) | 0.03 |
| 30–39 years | 23 (30.7) | 39 (35.4) | 101 (45.5) | |
| 40 years | 3 (4.0) | 7 (6.4) | 8 (3.6) | |
| Education | <0.0001 | |||
| < High school | 50 (66.7) | 49 (44.5) | 55 (24.9) | |
| High school or < college | 19 (25.3) | 29 (26.4) | 63 (28.5) | |
| College or more | 6 (8.0) | 32 (29.1) | 103 (46.6) | |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Race | 0.2 | |||
| African American | 41 (54.7) | 51 (46.4) | 110 (49.5) | |
| White | 33 (44.0) | 49 (44.5) | 93 (41.9) | |
| Asian/Hispanic/other/missing | 1 (1.3) | 10 (9.1) | 19 (8.6) | |
| Marital status | 0.05 | |||
| Single | 30 (40.0) | 26 (23.6) | 67 (30.2) | |
| Married/partner | 36 (48.0) | 70 (63.6) | 148 (66.7) | |
| Divorce/widowed | 9 (12.0) | 14 (12.7) | 7 (3.2) | |
| BMI | 0.4 | |||
| <25 | 29 (46.8) | 50 (50.0) | 110 (53.1) | |
| 25–29 | 17 (27.4) | 18 (18.0) | 41(19.8) | |
| 30–34 | 10 (16.1) | 13 (13.0) | 25(12.1) | |
| 35+ | 6 (9.7) | 19 (19.0) | 31(15.0) | |
| Missing | 13 | 10 | 15 | |
| Gestational age at birth | 0.03 | |||
| ≤ 36 weeks | 14 (18.7) | 15 (13.6) | 29 (13.1) | |
| > 36 weeks | 61 (81.3) | 95 (86.4) | 193 (86.9) | |
| Birth weight | <0.0001 | |||
| < 2500 grams | 18 (24.3) | 16 (14.7) | 23 (10.4) | |
| ≥ 2500 grams | 56 (75.7) | 93 (85.3) | 197 (89.6) | |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Offspring sex | 0.8 | |||
| Female | 34 (47.2) | 52 (48.6) | 107 (48.6) | |
| Male | 38 (52.8) | 55 (51.4) | 113 (51.4) | |
| Missing | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
| 5-minute Apgar score | 0.7 | |||
| 0–8 | 5 (6.9) | 16 (15.8) | 27 (12.9) | |
| 9–10 | 68 (93.1) | 85 (84.2) | 182 (87.1) | |
| Missing | 2 | 9 | 13 | |