Table 1.
Description of environmental features present in walking and cycling journeys
|
Feature |
Description |
Cycling (n = 599†) |
Walking (n = 1150†) |
Total (n = 1749†) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | ||
| Bus stop |
Bus stop visible in photo |
44 |
7.3 |
69 |
6.0 |
113 |
6.5 |
| Cars driving |
Cars in motion or in traffic lanes on road |
388 |
64.8 |
674 |
58.6* |
1062 |
60.7 |
| Cars in carpark |
Cars parked in car park wholly or more than 2/3 partially visible |
68 |
11.4 |
110 |
9.6 |
178 |
10.2 |
| Cars parked |
Cars parked on side of the road |
190 |
31.7 |
151 |
13.1** |
341 |
19.5 |
| Commercial |
Commercial or institutional buildings visible |
281 |
46.9 |
648 |
56.3** |
929 |
53.1 |
| Congested traffic |
More than 6 stationary cars in driving lanes |
4 |
0.7 |
10 |
0.9 |
14 |
0.8 |
| Cycle lanes |
Designated cycle lane on road or footpath |
16 |
2.7 |
247 |
21.5** |
263 |
15.0 |
| Cyclists |
Any person/people riding cycles other than the participant |
6 |
1.0 |
8 |
0.7 |
14 |
0.8 |
| Dark |
Image indicates journey conducted in darkness (e.g., dusk or dawn, streetlights on) but features still visible and image codeable† |
120 |
20.0 |
209 |
18.2 |
329 |
18.8 |
| Dogs |
Dogs or a lead in participant hand visible |
0 |
0.0 |
4 |
0.3 |
4 |
0.2 |
| Footpath |
Footpath visible (not walkway/pathway) |
338 |
56.4 |
761 |
66.2** |
1099 |
62.8 |
| Footpath good condition |
No cracks or potholes visible |
327 |
54.6 |
759 |
66.0** |
1086 |
62.1 |
| Graffiti |
Graffiti visible |
0 |
0.0 |
2 |
0.2 |
2 |
0.1 |
| Grass verge |
Any area of grass either beside road or footpath |
270 |
45.1 |
504 |
43.8 |
774 |
44.3 |
| Grass verge maintained |
No obvious weeds or overgrown grass |
262 |
43.7 |
454 |
39.5 |
716 |
40.9 |
| Litter |
Litter present (e.g., paper, food wrappings, etc.) |
1 |
0.2 |
1 |
0.1 |
2 |
0.1 |
| Other lights |
Lights from houses, buildings or cars in photos |
247 |
41.2 |
348 |
30.3** |
595 |
34.0 |
| Pedestrian crossing |
Zebra crossings and traffic light pedestrian crossings visible |
82 |
13.7 |
240 |
20.9** |
322 |
18.4 |
| Pedestrians |
Any person/people in the photo other than the participant |
63 |
10.5 |
272 |
23.7** |
335 |
19.2 |
| Permanent obstructions to cycling |
Tree, signage, or other permanent structure in cycleway |
2 |
0.3 |
0 |
0.0 |
2 |
0.1 |
| Permanent obstructions to walking |
Tree, signage, or other permanent structure on footpath/walkway |
2 |
0.3 |
0 |
0.0 |
2 |
0.1 |
| Rain |
Rain visible |
63 |
10.5 |
54 |
4.7** |
117 |
6.7 |
| Residential |
Private homes visible |
155 |
25.9 |
229 |
19.9** |
384 |
22.0 |
| Retail buildings |
Buildings with retail/shop-fronts visible |
141 |
23.5 |
165 |
14.3** |
306 |
17.5 |
| Road good condition |
No cracks or potholes visible |
462 |
77.1 |
820 |
71.3** |
1282 |
73.3 |
| Street lighting |
Street lights visible (not including traffic lights) |
209 |
34.9 |
531 |
46.2** |
740 |
42.3 |
| Temporary obstructions to cycling |
Rubbish bins, parked cars, roadworks, etc. in cycleways |
9 |
1.5 |
11 |
1.0 |
20 |
1.1 |
| Temporary obstructions to walking |
Rubbish bins, parked cars, roadworks, etc. on footpath/walkway |
14 |
2.3 |
41 |
3.6 |
55 |
3.1 |
| Trees |
Any trees visible in photo including from a distance |
441 |
73.6 |
842 |
73.2 |
1283 |
73.4 |
| Walkway | Journey occurring in walkway/pathway (not road or footpath) | 45 | 7.5 | 200 | 17.4** | 245 | 14.0 |
Notes: Data were collected in Auckland, New Zealand, in June 2011.
n = number of images.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 significant difference in features present between walking and cycling journeys; †If photo was too dark to code individual features then it was coded as uncodeable and not included here; %, percentage of walking or cycling images where feature was present; n, number of images.