Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of women stratified by gestational diabetes diagnosis.
| Characteristics | Women with No GDM | Women with GDM | p-Value | ||||
| n No GH or PEC (%) | n GH (%) | n PEC (%) | n GDM (%) Alone | n GDM+GH (%) | n GDM+PEC (%) | ||
| n = 925,102 | n = 27,605 | n = 22,933 | n = 30,852 | n = 2,100 | n = 1,476 | ||
| Age in years mean (SD) | 29.54 (5.58) | 29.55 (5.76) | 29.51 (5.88) | 32.15 (5.17) | 32.01 (5.54) | 31.64 (5.73) | <0.001 |
| Income quintile, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 201,597 (21.8) | 5,598 (20.3) | 4,901 (21.4) | 8,236 (26.7) | 540 (25.7) | 387 (26.2) | |
| 2 | 187,492 (20.3) | 5,745 (20.8) | 4,744 (20.7) | 6,720 (21.8) | 444 (21.1) | 307 (20.8) | |
| 3 | 188,685 (20.4) | 5,811 (21.1) | 4,794 (20.9) | 6,366 (20.6) | 413 (19.7) | 322 (21.8) | |
| 4 | 187,369 (20.3) | 5,721 (20.7) | 4,667 (20.4) | 5,640 (18.3) | 379 (18.0) | 272 (18.4) | |
| 5 (highest) | 156,503 (16.9) | 4,616 (16.7) | 3,694 (16.1) | 3,728 (12.1) | 308 (14.7) | 172 (11.7) | |
| Missing | 3,456 (0.4) | 114 (0.4) | 133 (0.6) | 162 (0.5) | 16 (0.8) | 16 (1.1) | |
| Prior hypertension | 12,447 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1,458 (6.4) | 988 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 146 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Co-morbidity CADG index a | |||||||
| Chronic medical unstable | 94,212 (10.2) | 3,103 (11.2) | 2,854 (12.4) | 5,443 (17.6) | 489 (23.3) | 346 (23.4) | <0.001 |
| Chronic medical stable | 205,115 (22.2) | 7,090 (25.7) | 6,221 (27.1) | 9,231 (29.9) | 667 (31.8) | 538 (36.4) | <0.001 |