Table 3.

Odds Ratios of Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) Disability by Study Variables in Shanghai Elders (1998–2008)

	Model I	Model II	Model III	Model IV	Model V
Year 2003 (1998)	0.74***	0.79**	0.80**	0.80**	1.14
Year 2005 (1998)	0.62***	0.68***	0.68***	0.83*	0.82
Year 2008 (1998)	0.36***	0.41***	0.39***	0.47***	0.55***
Age	1.19***	1.18***	1.18***	1.15***	1.15***
Women	1.96***	1.48***	1.43***	1.13	1.06
Rural	1.62***	1.11	1.04	0.99	1.63**
Good economic status		0.60***	0.64***	0.97	0.94
1–9 years of schooling (0)		0.45***	0.46***	0.59***	0.58***
10+ years of schooling (0)		0.53***	0.55***	0.75**	0.72**
Married			0.88	0.99	0.99
Satisfaction with children’s support			0.77***	0.92	0.95
Free public medical insurance			0.88	0.80*	0.82
Comorbidity				1.28***	1.27***
Unhealthy symptom				1.15***	1.15***
Depressive symptom				1.12***	1.13***
Cognitive impairment				1.43***	1.44***
2003 × female					1.04
2005 × female					1.33
2008 × female					0.96
2003 × rural					0.33***
2005 × rural					0.72
2008 × rural					0.95
Ρ	0.31***	0.30***	0.30***	0.24***	0.24***
–LL	5525.49***	5437.00***	5425.14***	4999.89***	4966.14***

Note. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.