Table 2.
Fixed-Effects Regression Analyses for the Number of Depressive Symptoms
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Widowhooda | 1.078*** (0.16) | 1.058*** (0.28) | 1.070*** (0.16) | 1.212*** (0.18) | 1.642*** (0.32) | 1.764*** (0.41) |
| Widowhood * Female | 0.031 (0.34) | 0.297 (0.35) | ||||
| Marital quality at baseline * widowhood | 0.268** (0.09) | 0.330*** (0.09) | ||||
| Caregiving at baseline * widowhood | −0.812† (0.43) | −1.158** (0.44) | ||||
| Northern Europe * widowhoodb | −1.340** (0.49) | −1.537** (0.50) | ||||
| Western Europe * widowhoodb | −0.569 (0.38) | −0.755* (0.38) | ||||
| Constant | 2.869*** (0.54) | 2.869*** (0.54) | 2.867*** (0.54) | 2.870*** (0.54) | 2.877*** (0.54) | 2.877*** (0.54) |
| R 2 (within) | 0.019 | 0.019 | 0.021 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.023 |
| Number of cases | 7,844 | 7,844 | 7,844 | 7,844 | 7,844 | 7,844 |
| Number of observations | 15,688 | 15,688 | 15,688 | 15,688 | 15,688 | 15,688 |
Note. Regression coefficients; SEs in parentheses; all models controlled for age, number of chronic diseases, and income adequacy.
aContinuously married.
bSouthern Europe.
†p < .10. *p < .05. **p < 0.01. ***p < .001 (two-tailed test).
Source: SHARE release 2.5, Own Calculations.