Table 3.
Comparisons of Intergenerational Relations Between Children With Urban Hukou and Children with Rural Hukou by Children’s Gender
| Variables | Sons with rural hukou (n = 256) | Sons with urban hukou (n = 2,057) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | t/χ2 | |
| Geographic distance from parents | 4.38 | 2.49 | 5.09 | 1.78 | −5.63*** |
| Frequency of contact with parents | 2.52 | 2.20 | 1.51 | 1.55 | −9.35*** |
| Monetary support from parents | 165.82 | 1435.12 | 355.80 | 2,378.10 | −1.25 |
| Monetary support to parents | 640.92 | 1250.00 | 1,463.57 | 2,278.80 | −5.67*** |
| Parents helped with childcare (%) | 29.75 | — | 16.41 | — | 20.00*** |
| Daughters with rural hukou (n = 198) | Daughters with urban hukou (n = 1,884) | ||||
| M | SD | M | SD | t/χ 2 | |
| Geographic distance from parents | 4.38 | 2.00 | 4.97 | 1.61 | −4.78*** |
| Frequency of contact with parents | 1.66 | 1.60 | 1.49 | 1.42 | −1.56 |
| Monetary support from parents | 48.55 | 599.20 | 156.49 | 1,014.41 | −1.41 |
| Monetary support to parents | 462.47 | 869.98 | 1,206.19 | 1,654.87 | −6.23*** |
| Parents helped with childcare (%) | 9.24 | — | 11.11 | — | 0.74 |
Notes. Chi-square tests were carried out to compare group differences in whether receiving assistance with childcare from the parents. t tests were carried out to compare group differences in all the other variables.
***p < .001.