Table 2.
Change in Emotion Perception, MCCB-MATRICS Cognitive Scores and Social Performance
| Emotion Perception (Mean Scores) | CR Alone (n = 27) | CR + Mind Reader (n = 32) | Treatment, df (1,57) | Time, df (1,54) | Treatment × Time, df (1,54) | Estimated Linear Slopesa | Effect Sizes Cohen’s d b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Endpoint | Baseline | Endpoint | ||||||
| FEIT | 10.75 ± 2.79 | 11.12 ± 2.77 | 11.12 ± 3.11 | 14.23 ± 2.11 | F = 10.123, P = .005* | F = 9.234, P = .010* | F = 11.509, P = .004* | CR: Z = 0.57, P = .13CR + MRIGE: Z = 1.89, P = .05 | 1.27 |
| FEDT | 21.12 ± 3.24 | 22.05 ± 3.30 | 22.59 ± 3.52 | 26.49 ± 3.87 | F = 4.657, P = .023* | F = 4.615, P = .030* | F = 5.663, P = .022* | CR: Z = .67, P = .21CR + MRIGE: Z = 1.90, P = .05 | 1.24 |
| MCCB-MATRICS (T Scores) | |||||||||
| Speed of processing | 31.64 (6.33) | 33.87 (6.22) | 31.44 (8.76) | 35.99 (7.11) | F = 5.136, P = .042* | F = 5.834, P = .034* | F = 5.643, P = .039* | CR: Z = 1.55, P = .03CR + MRIGE: Z = 1.91, P = 0.02 | 0.32 |
| Attention/vigilance | 32.11 (5.09) | 35.21 (5.99) | 31.33 (7.89) | 36.94 (7.25) | F = 6.003, P = .038* | F = 5.412, P = .038* | F = 5.787, P = .030* | CR: Z = 1.51, P = .03CR + MRIGE: Z = 1.89, P = .02 | 0.26 |
| Working memory | 30.13 (6.02) | 33.31 (6.03) | 29.94 (6.19) | 35.37 (6.89) | F = 5.713, P = .034* | F = 5.597, P = .041* | F = 5.670, P = .039* | CR: Z = 1.11, P = .06CR + MRIGE: Z = 2.01, P = .02 | 0.32 |
| Verbal learning | 30.04 (5.16) | 33.30 (6.14) | 30.14 (5.91) | 33.44 (5.93) | F = 1.113, P = .612 | F = 2.032, P = .519 | F = 1.198, P = .595 | N/A | 0.02 |
| Visual learning | 30.67 (7.28) | 34.58 (6.35) | 31.31 (7.24) | 35.93 (7.05) | F = 1.698, P = .620 | F = 2.001, P = .637 | F = 1.746, P = .613 | N/A | 0.20 |
| Reasoning and problem solving | 34.28 (5.29) | 38.41 (6.00) | 32.61 (5.98) | 38.79 (6.06) | F = 3.694, P = .070 | F = 3.006, P = .099 | F = 3.946, P = .065 | N/A | 0.06 |
| Social cognition (MSCEIT) | 32.02 (5.15) | 34.49 (5.96) | 31.96 (9.12) | 39.16 (6.92) | F = 5.139, P = .057 | F = 5.119, P = .059 | F = 5.473, P = .050* | CR:Z = 1.00, P = .05CR + MRIGE: Z = 1.98, P = .02 | 0.73 |
| MCCB composite | 35.31 (6.79) | 39.93 (6.03) | 34.01 (6.74) | 41.51 (4.39) | F = 5.956, P = .048* | F = 4.687, P = .064 | F = 5.511, P = .050* | CR: Z = 0.90, P = .08CR + MRIGE: Z = 2.51, P = .01 | 0.30 |
| Social functioning | |||||||||
| PSP total score | 43.41 (11.16) | 45.46 (10.55) | 44.10 (9.97) | 50.56 (11.23) | F = 5.269, P = .029* | F = 3.947, P = .048* | F = 4.237, P = .037* | CR: Z = 0.60, P = .16CR + MRIGE: Z = 1.91, P = .05 | 0.47 |
| Psychopathology | |||||||||
| PANSS positive subscale | 24.15 (5.12) | 23.60 (4.91) | 24.59 (6.42) | 23.94 (4.99) | F = 0.771, P = .567 | F = 0.779, P = .555 | F = 0.781, P = .560 | N/A | 0.07 |
| PANSS negative subscale | 21.99 (5.16) | 21.10 (5.03) | 22.81 (5.11) | 22.03 (5.01) | F = 0.810, P = .560 | F = 0.800, P = .558 | F = 0.774, P = .566 | N/A | 0.19 |
| PANSS total score | 91.97 (11.09) | 91.41 (11.32) | 90.46 (12.78) | 90.09 (11.90) | F = 0.799, P = .559 | F = 0.792, P = .560 | F = 0.794, P = .559 | N/A | 0.11 |
Note: Treatment × Time interaction was not significant, therefore estimated linear slope to determine significant differences within group was not estimated. FEIT, Facial Emotional Identification Task; FEDT, Facial Emotional Discrimination Task; MCCB, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; PSP, Personal and Social Performance; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
aBased on maximum likelihood parameter estimates using General Linear Mixed Model.
bCohen’s d was used to compute effect size using the final mean (±SD) in the CR Alone group and the CR + Mind Reader group as follows ((Mean CR + Mind Reader − Mean CR)/pooled SD). This procedure to compute Cohen’s d is presented further in McGough & Faraone (2009).
*P ≤ .05, **P ≤ .001.