Table 2.

Population Adjusted Cancer Risk in Schizophrenic Patients Before and After Schizophrenia Diagnosis

Cancer Site/Type	Before the First Diagnosis			After the First Diagnosis			All
	O	SIR	95% CI	O	SIR	95% CI	O	SIR	95% CI
Upper aerodigestive tract	22	0.31	0.19–0.47	87	0.61	0.49–0.76	109	0.51	0.42–0.61
Salivary gland	2	0.25	0.02–0.93	10	0.86	0.41–1.59	12	0.60	0.31–1.05
Esophagus	2	0.08	0.01–0.30	47	0.88	0.65–1.18	49	0.63	0.47–0.83
Stomach	13	0.10	0.05–0.18	171	0.96	0.82–1.12	184	0.59	0.51–0.69
Small intestine	5	0.42	0.13–1.00	29	1.28	0.85–1.84	34	0.97	0.67–1.36
Colon	65	0.38	0.29–0.48	361	1.00	0.90–1.11	426	0.78	0.71–0.86
Rectum	33	0.35	0.24–0.49	167	0.82	0.70–0.95	200	0.66	0.57–0.76
Anus	2	0.44	0.04–1.62	20	1.60	0.97–2.47	22	1.25	0.78–1.90
Liver	6	0.08	0.03–0.17	182	1.21 a	1.04–1.40	188	0.81	0.70–0.94
Pancreas	4	0.05	0.01–0.14	139	1.00	0.84–1.18	143	0.67	0.56–0.79
Nose	1	0.19	0.00–1.09	9	0.99	0.45–1.89	10	0.69	0.33–1.28
Lung	16	0.09	0.05–0.14	435	1.01a	0.92–1.11	451	0.75	0.68–0.82
Breast	283	0.75 b	0.66–0.84	1042	1.47 b	1.38–1.56	1325	1.25 b	1.18–1.31
Cervix	49	0.57 b	0.43–0.76	84	1.39 b	1.11–1.72	133	0.85	0.71–1.01
Endometrium	83	0.99	0.79–1.23	228	1.34 b	1.17–1.53	311	1.35 b	1.20–1.51
Ovary	44	0.48	0.35–0.65	133	1.13	0.95–1.34	177	0.85	0.73–0.98
Other female genital	7	0.56	0.22–1.16	27	1.18	0.78–1.72	34	0.94	0.65–1.31
Prostate	39	0.19	0.13–0.26	373	0.54	0.49–0.60	412	0.45	0.41–0.50
Testis	21	0.84	0.52–1.29	28	1.27	0.84–1.83	49	0.94	0.69–1.24
Other male genital	4	0.81	0.21–2.09	12	1.24	0.64–2.17	16	1.06	0.60–1.72
Kidney	19	0.23	0.14–0.37	158	1.09	0.93–1.27	177	0.78	0.67–0.91
Urinary bladder	40	0.42	0.30–0.57	169	0.73 a	0.63–0.85	209	0.63	0.55–0.72
Melanoma	42	0.54	0.39–0.73	119	0.77	0.64–0.93	161	0.67	0.57–0.78
Skin squamous cell	25	0.39	0.25–0.58	143	0.78	0.66–0.92	168	0.63	0.54–0.73
Nervous system	46	0.44	0.32–0.58	158	1.06	0.90–1.24	204	0.80	0.69–0.92
Thyroid gland	15	0.50	0.28–0.83	32	0.88	0.60–1.24	47	0.69	0.51–0.92
Endocrine glands	43	0.89	0.65–1.21	92	1.08	0.87–1.32	135	1.01	0.84–1.19
Bone	6	0.64	0.23–1.41	8	1.01	0.43–2.00	14	0.83	0.45–1.40
Connective tissue	7	0.33	0.13–0.69	37	1.17	0.83–1.62	44	0.82	0.60–1.10
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	32	0.36	0.25–0.51	187	0.92	0.80–1.07	219	0.75	0.65–0.85
Hodgkin’s disease	15	0.60	0.34–1.00	23	1.10	0.70–1.66	38	0.82	0.58–1.13
Myeloma	12	0.38	0.20–0.67	58	0.87	0.66–1.12	70	0.71	0.55–0.89
Leukemia	18	0.30	0.18–0.48	83	0.92	0.73–1.14	101	0.67	0.55–0.82
Cancer of unknown primary	9	0.12	0.05–0.23	210	1.16	1.01–1.33	219	0.84	0.74–0.96
All	1036	0.40	0.38–0.43	5101	1.00	0.97–1.03	6137	0.79	0.77–0.81

Note: O, observed number of cases; SIR, standardized incidence ratio; CI, confidence interval; Bold type, 95% CI does not include 1.00.

^aSmoking-adjusted SIRs for lung cancer and urinary bladder cancer 0.49 and 0.42, respectively. Alcohol-adjusted SIR for liver cancer 0.94.

^bAdditionally adjusted for parity and age at first birth.