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. 2013 Feb 22;398(4):501–514. doi: 10.1007/s00423-013-1059-4

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Basic workflows of image-based and model-based navigation. Image-based navigation requires preoperative images which need to be registered to the patient setup, typically employed for cranial or spinal surgery. Model-based navigation requires no imaging data and the process of registration matches the patients anatomy to a virtual model, typically employed for orthopedic surgery