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(A) Cumulative secretion of latent TGF-β1 from cultured synovium and middle-zone cartilage tissue explants. The slope represents the secretion rate from tissue (ng/mL/day on tissue volume basis). (B) Secretion rate of latent TGF-β1 from SZ cartilage explants during exposure to varying levels of exogenous active TGF-β3. ∗p < 0.001 indicates significant increase above control (0 ng/mL TGF-β3) secretion rate.
