Table 3.

Failure analysis for false-positive indications

Type of error	Example			Number of cases (%)
	Drug	Original text (matching string italicized)	Concept identified
1. Wrong concept identified	Dexamethasone/tobramycin ophthalmic suspension	‘Staphylococci, … penicillin-resistant strains’	Muscle strain	25 (57)
2. Negated concepts	Dexmethylphenidate extended release capsule	‘Stimulants are not intended for use in …primary psychiatric disorders, including psychosis’	Psychotic disorders	2 (5)
3. Not an indication	Potassium chloride extended release tablet	‘The use of potassium salts in patients receiving diuretics for uncomplicated essential hypertension is often unnecessary…’	Uncomplicated hypertension	14 (32)
4. High level concepts	Cimetidine oral tablet	‘Treatment is indicated for 12 weeks for healing of lesions…’	Lesion	3 (7)